Analysis of the effect of doped metal ions in the tricalcium phosphate bioceramic

Abstract

Calcium phosphate bioceramics such as hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) were successfully used in medical fields such as dentistry, orthopedics, and facial surgery due to their resorption and bioactivity characteristics. This work aims to obtain an osteoinductive ceramic matrix doped with metal ions. First, TCP doped with 10 mol.% of MgO was selected for the initial matrix due to the increased of HA content, microstructure densification (90%), and mechanical strength (27 MPa). Second, the addition of others metal ions (Zn, Mn, and Fe), at most 5 mol.%, to this initial matrix was evaluated by means of statistical analysis applying design of experiments (DOE). The presence of metal ions was studied by XRD and SEM-EDX analysis. The trace plots and equations were obtained for apparent and relative densities, apparent porosity, and diametral compression resistance, all for a 95% confidence interval and maximum error of p < 0,05. The results show a strong dependency between the addition of these metal ions and all studied properties.

TCP Doped with Metal Ions Reinforced with Tetragonal and Cubic Zirconia

“…As in previous studies [45], no relevant differences were detected in cell viability and proliferation between the pure TCP composition and the TCP compositions doped with combinations of the four metal ions, while the bioceramic composites of TCP with zirconia did not show high cell viability. This cell viability can be attributed to the range of molar concentrations of ions incorporated into the crystalline structure of β-TCP, which closely mimics the composition of natural human bone [14,45,59].…”

“…Following the procedure described in the literature [14], TCP was doped with 10 mol% of Mg 2+ and 5 mol% of a mixture of Zn 2+ , Mn 2+ , and Fe 3+ , totaling 15 mol% of metal ions. Being similar to the maximum amount of Ca 2+ ions that can be replaced in the TCP structure, substituted TCP (sTCP) was obtained in this way [24].…”