Analysis of the cognitive aspects of elderly people considering the practice of regular physical exercises and associated factors

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the cognitive performance of elderly who are enrolled in a physical activity (PA) program with those who are not, considering some sociodemographic variables that are related to the practice of cognitive activities. Method: 59 elderly people participated in this study divided into control group (CG) and gymnastics group (GG). The Vienna Test System® was used to estimate the attention and concentration capacities, simple reaction time and peripheral perception. To test the normality of the data it was used the Shapiro Wilk Test. The association between PA and socioeconomic variables was verified by Chi-Square Test and Fisher Exact Test. To compare of differences between groups the Mann Whitney U-test for variables with non-parametric distribution and the Student T-test for independent samples for other variables were used. Result: There were no significant differences in the performance of the groups, except in the capacity of attention and concentration in which CG presented best performance (p=0.01). Factors as schooling (p=0.02), income (p=0.001) and regular practice of handcrafts (p=0.06) can explain the best performance of CG. Conclusion: This study found no evidence that the practice of physical activity can generate some cognitive benefit in the elderly when compared to the elderly who did not practice regular physical activity. However, we perceive the existence of other aspects that influence on the cognition, such as schooling, sociocultural level and the reading habit, that have a significant importance degree in the analysis.

Proposal of Nursing Diagnosis “Readiness for Enhanced Healthy Aging”: A Concept Analysis

“…Cognitive disability is one of the geriatric syndromes that influences the autonomy and independence of older adults (Nunes et al., 2017). The adoption of measures to evaluate and promote cognitive ability favors psychological well‐being and good quality of life in old age (Andrade et al., 2017; Macedo, Laux, Londera, & Corazza, 2019).…”

Low Levels of Physical Activity Are Associated With Cognitive Decline, Depressive Symptoms and Mobility Impairments in Older Adults Enrolled in a Health Insurance Plan

“…2 Quanto à influência dos sinais e sintomas neuropsiquiátricos (declínio cognitivo e sintomas depressivos), estudos mostram que não só a prática regular de atividade física como também o bom nível de escolaridade e de atividades de lazer podem proteger contra esses agravos. 17,18 Em relação às propriedades biológicas do sistema nervoso central, acredita-se que mecanismos como aumento da circulação cerebral, alteração na síntese e degradação de neurotransmissores, alterações neuroendócrinas e humorais e aumento de fatores de crescimento responsáveis pela angiogênese estejam envolvidos nos ganhos que a atividade física traz para esse grupo. 19 No entanto, deve-se ressaltar que a influência entre baixos níveis de atividade física e sinais e sintomas neuropsiquiátricos muitas vezes é um somatório de prejuízos psíquicos prévios, em decorrência da evolução de doenças crônicas, de baixa escolaridade, de viuvez, de isolamento social e do próprio processo de senescência, corroborando para baixos níveis de atividade nessa faixa etária.…”