Analysis of Socioeconomic, Utilization of Maternal Health Services, and Toddler’s Characteristics as Stunting Risk Factors

Abstract

Stunting prevalence in South Kalimantan has been higher than the national figure and is the sixth highest in Indonesia. Not many studies in South Kalimantan have analysed the risk factors for stunting comprehensively that combine sociodemographic factors, utilization of maternal health services, and characteristics of children. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyse sociodemographic factors, utilization of maternal health services, and characteristics of children under 5 as determinants of stunting in South Kalimantan Province. This study used an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional design. Data collection used secondary data from the results of South Kalimantan Baseline Health Research 2018. The total population of toddlers obtained from South Kalimantan Baseline Health Research 2018 data was 1218 toddlers, and all of them were taken as samples. Data analysis used a chi square test for bivariate test and Logistic Regression for multivariate test. There is a relationship between mother’s education level (p = 0.001), father’s education (p = 0.002), toddler age (p < 0.001), low birth weight (p = 0.05), exclusive breastfeeding (p = 0.008), and underweight (p = 0.000) with stunting. The data were continued with the Logistics Regression test and the dominant variables related to stunting were underweight (p < 0.001 with OR 18,241), under-five age (p < 0.001, with OR value for ages 24–35 months 9511), and premature birth (p = 0.027 with an OR of 2187). The conclusion of this study is that the most important factor in the incidence of stunting in South Kalimantan is underweight nutritional status.

The dominant factors associated with stunting among two years children in five provinces in Indonesia

“…If the situation persists for a long time, it will cause linear growth failure because inadequate nutritional intake must compensate for weight gain; therefore, nutritional intake will be insufficient for linear growth. One study in South Kalimantan also found that being underweight was a decisive key to the incidence of stunting in children under five years of age (Noor et al, 2022). An analysis of the relationship between stunting and underweight in Malawi children under five years of age also found a significant relationship between these two nutritional status indicators (Ngwira et al, 2017).…”

Qualitative Study on Adolescent Marriage and The Risk of Stunting in South Kalimantan

“…3,18 The eating history and eating patterns of toddlers are very influential on the growth and development of toddlers, this is related to the golden period of 1000 days of life to improve child development optimally, from early pregnancy to children aged 2 years. 19,20 Research has found that there are still many teenage parents who do not understand good parenting, especially in feeding. Riskesdas data proves that the incidence of stunting is more at the age above 24 months.…”

Understanding Pediatric Health Trends in Papua: Insights From SUSENAS, RISKESDAS, Remote Sensing, and Its Relevance to Prabowo and Gibran’s Free Lunch and Milk Program

“…The arrangement of food patterns is closely related to maternal knowledge about food ingredients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. In theory, if mothers have a high level of education, they are more likely to understand nutritional information and tend to create good and healthy eating habits for the family [49], [50], [51], [52], [53].…”