Analysis of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzo-furans in Sanitary Products of Women

Shin, Jeoung Hwa; Ahn, Yun Gyong

doi:10.1177/0040517507078786

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“… 114 Further, dioxins and furans, chemicals used in the cotton bleaching process, have been reported in tampons and sanitary napkins sold in the United States. 115 , 116 A complete list of chemicals of concern in MICPs and their associated health effects has been curated and summarized. 117 Evaluating MICP and occupational exposures through an intersectional approach reveals racial/ethnic disparities.…”

Section: Incorporating Sex and Gender In Exposome Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposomics as a tool to investigate differences in health and disease by sex and gender

et al. 2023

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The health and disease of an individual is mediated by their genetics, a lifetime of environmental exposures, and interactions between the two. Genetic or biological sex, including chromosome composition and hormone expression, may influence both the types and frequency of environmental exposures an individual experiences, as well as the biological responses an individual has to those exposures. Gender identity, which can be associated with social behaviors such as expressions of self, may also mediate the types and frequency of exposures an individual experiences. Recent advances in exposome-level analysis have progressed our understanding of how environmental factors affect health outcomes; however, the relationship between environmental exposures and sex- and gender-specific health remains underexplored. The comprehensive, non-targeted, and unbiased nature of exposomic research provides a unique opportunity to systematically evaluate how environmental exposures interact with biological sex and gender identity to influence health. In this forward-looking narrative review, we provide examples of how biological sex and gender identity influence environmental exposures, discuss how environmental factors may interact with biological processes, and highlight how an intersectional approach to exposomics can provide critical insights for sex- and gender-specific health sciences.

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Section: Incorporating Sex and Gender In Exposome Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposomics as a tool to investigate differences in health and disease by sex and gender

et al. 2023

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“…Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) were detected in sanitary pads and tampons (Table 3). [24][25][26][27] The highest levels of PCDDs occurred in tampons from California (estimated range 0.2-20.7 pg/g). 24 The range of detectable PCDDs in sanitary pads was higher (0.214-8.854 pg/g) compared with tampons from Korea, Japan and the USA (0.0002-0.5710 pg/g).…”

Section: Dioxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemicals in menstrual products: A systematic review

Marroquin,

Kiomourtzoglou,

Scranton

et al. 2023

BJOG

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BackgroundFrom menarche until menopause, the average menstruator will use over 11 000 tampons or sanitary pads. Vaginal and vulvar tissue is highly permeable, and chemicals are absorbed without undergoing first‐pass metabolism.ObjectivesTo conduct a review of the literature to determine exposure to environmental chemicals in menstrual products.Search strategyThis review identified 15 papers over the past 10 years.Selection criteriaPapers that measured chemicals in menstrual products and that measured human biomarkers of chemical exposure were included. Papers had to also be available in English.Data collection and analysisReviewers assessed the articles and data provided. Multiple chemical groups were found.Main resultsPhthalates, volatile organic compounds, parabens, environmental phenols, fragrance chemicals, dioxins and dioxin‐like compounds were detected in menstrual products. Research gaps were identified, including the lack of studies on newer products such as menstrual underwear and cups/discs. In addition to measuring chemicals in these products, future research should focus on clarifying the exposure per menstrual cycle to these chemicals to understand how menorrhagia and cycle length influence exposure from menstrual products.ConclusionMenstrual products contained measurable levels of a range of endocrine disrupting chemicals including phthalates, phenols and parabens. This reflects a potentially important route of exposure to chemicals that can impact women's reproductive health.

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“…Dioxins were detected from the fluff pulp of the absorbent core in pad products [82][83][84], where dioxins and dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) are highly toxic and environmental persistent organic pollutants. DLCs such as polychlorinated biphenyls can be produced from the bleaching process of wood pulps, and this compound is identified as Group 1 carcinogen by IARC.…”

Section: Hazard Identification and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Evaluation of Absorbent Hygiene Pads: A Review on Assessment Framework and Test Methods

2018

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Disposable absorbent hygiene products have evolved for superior performance, enhancing the convenience of daily lives. However, the use of disposable hygiene pads has brought safety concerns on chemical exposure, and significant efforts have been made to assess the potential risks associated with use of hygiene pads. This article intends to overview the safety assessment framework of diapers and feminine pads, which includes hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment, risk characterization, and post-market risk management. Risk assessment of various constituents are reviewed for quantification methods and conservative estimation of exposure parameters. By reviewing the up-to-date considerations in risk assessment, we aim to provide insightful discussion on safety evaluation of current versions of disposable absorbent products. More clinical testing and post-market surveillance are needed for continuous monitoring of potential health impacts of advanced products and constituents.

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Analysis of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzo-furans in Sanitary Products of Women

Cited by 25 publications

References 13 publications

Exposomics as a tool to investigate differences in health and disease by sex and gender

Exposomics as a tool to investigate differences in health and disease by sex and gender

Chemicals in menstrual products: A systematic review

Safety Evaluation of Absorbent Hygiene Pads: A Review on Assessment Framework and Test Methods

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