Analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in textiles treated by brominated flame retardants

Shin, Jeoung Hwa; Baek, Yoon Jeong

doi:10.1177/0040517512439943

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In a recent study (Shin and Baek 2012), three kinds of automotive interior foam and two kinds of other automotive interior materials were collected, and PBDEs were detected in all. The total PBDE levels were 2436.542, 1857.703, and 654, 959.112 ng/g for the interior foam of the car and 10,413.268 and 13,876.385 ng/g for car interior materials.…”

Section: Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in articles: a review of its applications and legislation

Yuan²,

Wenjing³

2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

103

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), especially commercial decabrominated diphenyl ethers (c-decaBDE), have been widely produced and applied to numerous materials because of their highly effective flame-retardant capabilities. The production of commercial pentaBDE (c-pentaBDE) and commercial octaBDE (c-octaBDE) ended in 2004 because they are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic to both humans and the environment, but decaBDE production and use continue. Furthermore, many congeners of PBDEs are still prevalent in consumer products and articles that they pose enormous threat to both the environment and human health. PBDEs have been detected in the casing of electrical and electronic equipment, textile materials, automotive interiors, polyurethane foam (PUF) in seat cushions, children's toys, kitchenware, and other products. With increasing evidence about PBDE pollution and the adoption of international conventions, many developed countries have drawn more public attention to PBDEs and developed sound strategies for their management. This review summaries the utilization and management of PBDEs in a number of countries and reaches the conclusion that PBDEs are still prevalent in consumer articles, while specific regulations or policies for articles containing PBDEs are rare. Public awareness should be raised on the importance of sound management of articles containing PBDEs.

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Section: Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in articles: a review of its applications and legislation

Yuan²,

Wenjing³

2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

103

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“…Thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC–MS) and pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC–MS) exhibit the advantages of high sensitivity, automation, and solvent interferences-free (Humbert et al 2022 ). TD-GC–MS has been found to be effective for the quantification of brominated flame retardants (especially for BDE-209) in curtains and car interiors (Shin and Baek 2012 ); meanwhile, Py-GC–MS has been increasingly used for the detection of PAEs, flame retardants, ultraviolet stabilizers, and bisphenols. (Akoueson et al 2022 ; Deng et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Analytical Methods For Additives On (Microplastic) Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average concentration of ∑ 20 OPEs (1.52 × 10 3 ng/g) in synthetic fibers (polyester, nylon, vinyl) was higher than that in cotton fabrics (442 ng/g), triphenyl phosphate (TPhP), accounting for the highest percentage (40.2% of the total concentration) (Zhu et al 2020 ). It is noticed that although the presence of BFRs (e.g., PBDEs) has been detected in textiles, such as carpets, curtains, and seat leather (Abdallah et al 2017 ; Portet-Koltalo et al 2021 ; Shin and Baek 2012 ), there are no available reports about BFRs on clothing according to our best knowledge. It may be explained that organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) are more multi-functional, which can act as both flame retardants and plasticizers.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Additives On Plastic Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Chemical Additives on (Micro)Plastic Fibers: Occurrence, Release, and Health Risks

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2022

Reviews Env.Contamination (formerly:Residue Reviews)

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Plastic fibers are ubiquitous in daily life with additives incorporated to improve their performance. Only a few restrictions exist for a paucity of common additives, while most of the additives used in textile industry have not been clearly regulated with threshold limits. The production of synthetic fibers, which can shed fibrous microplastics easily (< 5 mm) through mechanical abrasion and weathering, is increasing annually. These fibrous microplastics have become the main composition of microplastics in the environment. This review focuses on additives on synthetic fibers; we summarized the detection methods of additives, compared concentrations of different additive types (plasticizers, flame retardants, antioxidants, and surfactants) on (micro)plastic fibers, and analyzed their release and exposure pathways to environment and human beings. Our prediction shows that the amounts of predominant additives (phthalates, organophosphate esters, bisphenols, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and nonylphenol ethoxylates) released from clothing microplastic fibers (MFs) are estimated to reach 35, 10, 553, 0.4, and 568 ton/year to water worldwide, respectively; and 119, 35, 1911, 1.4, and 1965 ton/year to air, respectively. Human exposure to MF additives via inhalation is estimated to be up to 4.5–6440 µg/person annually for the above five additives, and via ingestion 0.1–204 µg/person. Notably, the release of additives from face masks is nonnegligible that annual human exposure to phthalates, organophosphate esters, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from masks via inhalation is approximately 491–1820 µg/person. This review helps understand the environmental fate and potential risks of released additives from (micro)plastic fibers, with a view to providing a basis for future research and policy designation of textile additives. Graphical Abstract

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“…There is only a handful of literature around the use of flame retardants in textile material. 22–24 This study focused on analysing the presence of BFRs, particularly BFRs in recently produced and old firefighting gear, and also the impact of such flame retardants on garment thermal performance. The availability of these data will, on a bigger scale, enable the fire industry to ascertain the extent of possible firefighter exposure to BFRs formulate a basis to conduct further investigation when acquiring new bunker gear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brominated flame-retardant composition in firefighter bunker gear and its thermal performance analysis

Mokoana

Asante

Okonkwo

2021

Journal of Fire Sciences

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Firefighting bunker gear is manufactured from flame-retardant materials, which resist ignition and delay flame spread. However, concerns have been emerging on the potential harmful effects of some flame retardants (FRs) commonly used in flame-retarding materials, particularly the brominated flame retardants. This study investigated the presence of flame retardants in bunker gear, particularly polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their congeners in the garments, and evaluated their impact on thermal performance. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was used to ascertain the presence of bromine as a possible indicator for brominated flame retardants. X-ray fluorescence results indicated the presence of Br in all samples, ranging from 444 to 20,367 µg/g. Further analysis via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was done on samples. Brominated flame retardants, particularly polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane, were detected in all samples with concentrations ranging from 261.61 to 1001.77 µg/g and 0.01 to 0.07 µg/g, respectively. The cone calorimeter was used, with 50 and 75 kW/m2 heat fluxes, to investigate the impact of the brominated flame-retardant concentrations, if any, on thermal performance. New bunker garments, particularly those with lower Br and brominated flame-retardant concentrations, were observed to have higher thermal performance.

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Analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in textiles treated by brominated flame retardants

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in articles: a review of its applications and legislation

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in articles: a review of its applications and legislation

An Overview of Chemical Additives on (Micro)Plastic Fibers: Occurrence, Release, and Health Risks

Brominated flame-retardant composition in firefighter bunker gear and its thermal performance analysis

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