Analysis of operational issues in hydrothermal liquefaction and supercritical water gasification processes: a review

Ghavami, Niloufar; Özdenkçi, Karhan; Salierno, Gabriel; Björklund-Sänkiaho, Margareta; Blasio, Cataldo De

doi:10.1007/s13399-021-02176-4

Cited by 39 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 186 publications

(304 reference statements)

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“…Hydro-char may adsorb the biocrude oil during HTL, resulting in the requirement of the post-HTL extraction process and therefore higher operational cost. Hydro-char may also cause partial plugging of the reactor's pressure control valves and piping systems, 82 jeopardizing the HTL process safety.…”

Section: Comparison With Aceticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Resource Recovery from Dairy Waste: A Case Study of Hydrothermal Co-liquefaction of Acid Whey and Anaerobic Digestate Mixture

Sudibyo

Tester

2023

Energy Fuels

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Uncontrolled emission of carbon and nutrients due to mismanagement of dairy waste leads to global warming, eutrophication of water bodies, aerosol pollution, and acidification of ecosystems. We studied hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) to sustainably recover resources by converting the dairy wastes into carbon-dense biocrude oil and a nutrient-rich aqueous-phase coproduct. We evaluated acid whey as an alternative source of acid catalyst, replacing acetic acid, for the HTL of anaerobically digested cattle manure (manure digestate). Using well-designed HTL experiments, we investigated the effects of several factors on the product formation and the fate of elements as well as the underlying chemistry. The investigated factors included reaction temperature (280−360 °C), reaction time (10−50 min), mixing ratio of acid whey to manure digestate (AW/MD of 0−2), and the amount of additional acetic acid required, that is, specified based on the final feedstock pH between 3.5 and 5.5. The experimental results suggested the following optimal conditions for enhanced biocrude oil formation and maximal nutrient yield in the aqueous-phase coproduct: AW/MD of 1.21, feedstock mixture pH of 4.5, and reaction temperature and time of 354 °C and 21 min, respectively. Under such conditions, the biocrude oil yield was enhanced to 40−50% (equivalent to 60−80% energy recovery) via cyclic acetalization, hydroxymethylation, isomerization, Piancatelli rearrangement, oxidation, and condensation with heteroatom removal via several deoxygenation and denitrogenation mechanisms. Moreover, these conditions provided adequate acidification to solubilize Mg-carbonate and Ca-phosphate minerals and catalyzed the deamination of N-heterocyclics and other nitrogenous compounds, producing a higher recoverable yield of Mg, NH 3 -N, P, and K nutrients in the aqueous-phase coproduct, that is, 60−70, 30−40, ∼40, and >95%, respectively. This study demonstrated the potential of using HTL for coprocessing manure digestate and acid whey to measurably valorize biomass waste as a key component of achieving a circular bioeconomy for the dairy industry.

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Section: Comparison With Aceticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Resource Recovery from Dairy Waste: A Case Study of Hydrothermal Co-liquefaction of Acid Whey and Anaerobic Digestate Mixture

Sudibyo

Tester

2023

Energy Fuels

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“…This investigation’s objective is to outline the effect of zeolite catalysts’ addition on lignocellulosic biomass hydrothermal liquefaction with the intent to facilitate biocrude effectiveness and yield. The study has also emphasised the impact of catalysis equivalent to zeolite catalysts [ 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 ].…”

Section: Potential and Challenges Of Zeolitementioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Zeolite Chemistry for Catalytic Conversion of Biomass/Waste into Green Fuels

et al. 2022

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Numerous attempts have been made to produce new materials and technology for renewable energy and environmental improvements in response to global sustainable solutions stemming from fast industrial expansion and population growth. Zeolites are a group of crystalline materials having molecularly ordered micropore arrangements. Over the past few years, progress in zeolites has been observed in transforming biomass and waste into fuels. To ensure effective transition of fossil energy carriers into chemicals and fuels, zeolite catalysts play a key role; however, their function in biomass usage is more obscure. Herein, the effectiveness of zeolites has been discussed in the context of biomass transformation into valuable products. Established zeolites emphasise conversion of lignocellulosic materials into green fuels. Lewis acidic zeolites employ transition of carbohydrates into significant chemical production. Zeolites utilise several procedures, such as catalytic pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, and hydro-pyrolysis, to convert biomass and lignocelluloses. Zeolites exhibit distinctive features and encounter significant obstacles, such as mesoporosity, pore interconnectivity, and stability of zeolites in the liquid phase. In order to complete these transformations successfully, it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of the chemistry of zeolites. Hence, further examination of the technical difficulties associated with catalytic transformation in zeolites will be required. This review article highlights the reaction pathways for biomass conversion using zeolites, their challenges, and their potential utilisation. Future recommendations for zeolite-based biomass conversion are also presented.

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“…The HTC processes are normally carried out at temperatures above 400°C [62] and for longer times comprising hours. Higher temperatures cause the decomposition of biooil, leading to char formation at higher rates than in HTL [65] and with different composition.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Liquefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the interplay between bioeconomy and soil organic carbon stocks maintenance.

Díaz

Albers

Zamora-Ledezma

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Crop residues potential for the bioeconomy is often limited under the basis of avoiding prospective soil organic carbon depletion. However, when processed in the bioeconomy the biomass carbon can be partially recovered in a stabilized degradation-resistant state in the coproducts. This study interlinks the theoretical basis between the coproducts’ characteristics and behavior in soils and the use of soil models to predict the effect of replacing crop residues with bioeconomy coproducts. Stemming from a revision of over 600 datasets we defined conversion coefficients from biomass C to coproduct (Cc) and their inherent recalcitrance in soils (CR) for pyrolysis (Cc: 48%, CR: 95%) and gasification biochar (Cc: 20%, CR: 95%), hydrochar (Cc: 31%, CR: 83%), digestate (Cc: 36%, CR: 68%) and lignocellulosic bioethanol solid (Cc: 44%, CR: 42%) and liquid (Cc: 21%, CR: 46%) coproducts. Different approaches to incorporate stabilized organic matter in soil models were investigated as well as the data requirements of a variety of soil models to set the basis for model adaptation in a dynamic harvest – return of C to explore future scenarios involving the coproducts return as a strategy to increase the bioeconomy feedstock provision while ensuring the maintenance of SOC sotcks.

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Analysis of operational issues in hydrothermal liquefaction and supercritical water gasification processes: a review

Cited by 39 publications

References 186 publications

Sustainable Resource Recovery from Dairy Waste: A Case Study of Hydrothermal Co-liquefaction of Acid Whey and Anaerobic Digestate Mixture

Sustainable Resource Recovery from Dairy Waste: A Case Study of Hydrothermal Co-liquefaction of Acid Whey and Anaerobic Digestate Mixture

A Comprehensive Review on Zeolite Chemistry for Catalytic Conversion of Biomass/Waste into Green Fuels

A review on the interplay between bioeconomy and soil organic carbon stocks maintenance.

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