Analysis of mechanical properties of cancellous bone under conditions of simulated bone atrophy

Müller, Ralph; Rüegsegger, Peter

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(96)00006-1

Cited by 65 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The mechanical properties of cancellous bone have been analysed through either computational [5,8,10,11,32,36,38,49,[58][59][60] or experimental means [1,2,4,13,16,18,25,31,35,46,47,[61][62][63][64][65][66]. In papers where experimental work was done, various types of cancellous bone failure were reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mechanical and microarchitectural analyses of cancellous bone through experiment and computer simulation

Syahrom

Kadir

Abdullah

et al. 2011

Med Biol Eng Comput

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The relationship between microarchitecture to the failure mechanism and mechanical properties can be assessed through experimental and computational methods. In this study, both methods were utilised using bovine cadavers. Twenty four samples of cancellous bone were extracted from fresh bovine and the samples were cleaned from excessive marrow. Uniaxial compression testing was performed with displacement control. After mechanical testing, each specimen was ashed in a furnace. Four of the samples were exemplarily scanned using micro-computed tomography (μCT) and three dimensional models of the cancellous bones were reconstructed for finite element simulation. The mechanical properties and the failure modes obtained from numerical simulations were then compared to the experiments. Correlations between microarchitectural parameters to the mechanical properties and failure modes were then made. The Young's modulus correlates well with the bone volume fraction with R² = 0.615 and P value 0.013. Three different types of failure modes of cancellous bone were observed: oblique fracture (21.7%), perpendicular global fracture (47.8%), and scattered localised fracture (30.4%). However, no correlations were found between the failure modes to the morphological parameters. The percentage of error between computer predictions and the actual experimental test was from 6 to 12%. These mechanical properties and information on failure modes can be used for the development of synthetic cancellous bone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mechanical and microarchitectural analyses of cancellous bone through experiment and computer simulation

Syahrom

Kadir

Abdullah

et al. 2011

Med Biol Eng Comput

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show abstract

“…The MIL ellipsoid is calculated by fitting the directional MIL to a directed ellipsoid using a least squares fit. Also, the relationship of these parameters to in vitro measures of strength and their application to microfinite element modeling has been shown [15].…”

Section: Technical Considerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of micro-ct assessment of 3-d bone microstructure in preclinical and clinical studies

et al. 2005

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As the mechanical competence of trabecular bone is a function of its apparent density and 3-D distribution, assessment of 3-D trabecular structural characteristics may improve our ability to understand the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, to test the efficacy of pharmaceutical intervention, and to estimate bone biomechanical properties. We have studied ovariectomy-induced osteopenia in rats and its treatment with agents such as estrogen and sodium fluoride. We have demonstrated that 3-D micro-computed tomography (microCT) can directly quantify mouse trabecular and cortical bone structure with an isotropic resolution of 6 microm(3). MicroCT is also useful for studying osteoporosis in mice and phenotypes of mice with gene manipulation, such as SHIP-knockout mice, which are severely osteoporotic due to increased numbers of hyperresorptive osteoclasts, PTHrP heterozygous-null mice, and mice with Zmpste24 deficiency. MicroCT can quantify osteogenesis in mouse Ilizarov leg-lengthening procedures, osteoconduction in a rat cranial defect model, and structural changes in arthritic rabbits, rats, and mice. In clinical studies, we evaluated longitudinal changes in the iliac crests. Paired bone biopsies from the same premenopausal and postmenopausal women showed the changes in 3-D trabecular structure, such as decreased trabecular thickness, shifting of trabecular model from platelike structure to rodlike structure, and decreased degree of anisotropy were remarkable. Treatment with PTH in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis significantly improved trabecular morphology with a shift toward a more platelike structure, increased trabecular connectivity density, and increased cortical thickness. Paired bone biopsy specimens from the iliac crest in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis before and an average of 2 years after beginning of estrogen replacement therapy demonstrated that posttreatment biopsies showed a significant change in the ratio of plates to rods and statistically insignificant changes in other 3-D trabecular parameters. Thus, microCT can characterize 3-D structure of various animal models, and the longitudinal changes in 3-D bone microarchitectural integrity that deteriorates in the transmenopausal period, is preserved with HRT, and is improved with PTH treatment in postmenopausal women.

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“…100 This technology was adapted so that 3-D finite element models of trabecular bone volumes could be generated from the QCT images using an automatic mesh generator based on tetrahedron elements. 102,103 Realistic predictions of the apparent Young's modulus were obtained from these finite element analyses, demonstrating that the mechanical behaviour of trabecular bone could be assessed in a non-destructive and non-invasive manner.…”

Section: Diagnostic Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…52,145 This technique can be used to examine the trabecular structure at high resolutions (in the order of 20 lm) to evaluate how it behaves under various mechanical loading conditions. Algorithms have also been developed which simulate bone resorption and formation, so that osteoporotic bone loss can be modelled 98,102,121 although these models have not yet been verified against in vivo bone loss to determine how realistic the resultant osteoporotic architectures are. This paper focuses on how osteoporosis affects the strength of the vertebra due to deterioration of the bone quality in the trabecular structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertebral Osteoporosis and Trabecular Bone Quality

2006

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Vertebral fractures due to osteoporosis commonly occur under non-traumatic loading conditions. This problem affects more than 1 in 3 women and 1 in 10 men over a lifetime. Measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) has traditionally been used as a method for diagnosis of vertebral osteoporosis. However, this method does not fully account for the influence of changes in the trabecular bone quality, such as micro-architecture, tissue properties and levels of microdamage, on the strength of the vertebra. Studies have shown that deterioration of the vertebral trabecular architecture results in a more anisotropic structure which has a greater susceptibility to fracture. Transverse trabeculae are preferentially thinned and perforated while the remaining vertical trabeculae maintain their thickness. Such a structure is likely to be more susceptible to buckling under normal compression loads and has a decreased ability to withstand unusual or off-axis loads. Changes in tissue material mechanical properties and levels of microdamage due to osteoporosis may also compromise the fracture resistance of vertebral trabecular bone. New diagnostic techniques are required which will account for the influence of these changes in bone quality. This paper reviews the influence of the trabecular architecture, tissue properties and microdamage on fracture risk for vertebral osteoporosis. The morphological characteristics of normal and osteoporotic architectures are compared and their potential influence on the strength of the vertebra is examined. The limitations of current diagnostic methods for osteoporosis are identified and areas for future research are outlined.

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Analysis of mechanical properties of cancellous bone under conditions of simulated bone atrophy

Cited by 65 publications

References 19 publications

Mechanical and microarchitectural analyses of cancellous bone through experiment and computer simulation

Mechanical and microarchitectural analyses of cancellous bone through experiment and computer simulation

Application of micro-ct assessment of 3-d bone microstructure in preclinical and clinical studies

Vertebral Osteoporosis and Trabecular Bone Quality

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