Analysis of lysyl oxidase as a marker for diagnosis of canine mammary tumors

Saleem, Afnan; Singh, Sanjeev; Kumar, B. V. Sunil; Arora, Jaspreet Singh; Choudhary, Ratan K.

doi:10.1007/s11033-019-04941-1

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…26,27,[32][33][34][35] In veterinary oncology, we found only one study about LOX expression in canine tumours that proposed LOX as a diagnostic biomarker and prognostic factor for canine mammary tumours. 30 LOX is produced by several cell types, such as endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. [25][26][27] Its expression has been found to be associated with several cytokines and growth factors and these interactions could help explain its influence on tumour malignancy, promoting ECM transformation, angiogenesis and cell survival.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[26][27][28][29] Canine LOX gene has been mapped on chromosome 11 and seems to be involved in the same biological processes as the human protein. 30,31 The aim of the present study was to characterise the immunohistochemical expression of LOX in MCT samples and compare it with histological grading and post-surgical survival. Samples were processed histologically according to routine paraffin embedding techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, LOX gene is located at chromosome 5 and transcribes a 48 kDa intracellular precursor and a 32 kDa extracellular protein composed of 417 amino acids, which is involved in several biological processes, such as cell migration, angiogenesis, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, tumour cells aggressiveness and metastatic invasion 26–29 . Canine LOX gene has been mapped on chromosome 11 and seems to be involved in the same biological processes as the human protein 30,31 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High lysyl oxidase expression is an indicator of poor prognosis in dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumours

Joselevitch

Vargas

Pulz

et al. 2023

Vet Comparative Oncology

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Mast cell tumour (MCT) is one of the most frequent skin tumours in dogs. Due to their unpredictable biological behaviour, MCTs often cause several therapeutic frustrations, leading to investigation regarding prognostic markers. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is an enzyme that promotes extracellular matrix stability and contributes to cell migration, angiogenesis and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. Its expression positively correlates with poor prognoses in several human and canine mammary cancers. The aim of this study was to characterise the immunohistochemical expression of LOX in MCT samples and compare it with histological grading and post‐surgical survival. Twenty‐six tumours were submitted to immunohistochemistry for LOX expression evaluation. All samples were positive for LOX, with variable percentages of cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity. Cytoplasmic positivity was significantly higher in high‐grade MCTs (P = .0297). Our results indicate that high expression of cytoplasmic LOX in neoplastic mast cells is an indicator of poor prognosis for canine cutaneous MCTs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High lysyl oxidase expression is an indicator of poor prognosis in dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumours

Joselevitch

Vargas

Pulz

et al. 2023

Vet Comparative Oncology

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“…In agreement with formerly published data specifically in humans, in our study, the neoplastic puppies earlier than treatment confirmed a better quantity of each short and long cfDNA fragment than treatment weeks. Only a few studies [ 12 , 28 , 29 ], compared circulating DNA in non-neoplastic with neoplastic dogs (lymphoma, mammary tumors, and different cancers) and discovered comparable results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their report about LOX expression in canine mammary tumors (CMT), revealed that lysyl oxidase expressed as His-tagged fusion protein in prokaryotic expression vector was used for detection of circulating protein LOX in serum of CMT subjects. Their ROC results showed high sensitivity (90%) and specificity (85%) with histopathology because the reference standard and that they proposed LOX as a diagnostic biomarker and a putative prognostic candidate in CMT cases [ 28 ]. Examination of the relationship between cfDNA index value and enzyme activity showed that only baseline results had a major difference between the 2 markers if the 95% significance level is taken into account.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between plasma cell-free DNA changes and lysyl oxidase during the treatment and prognosis of canine transmissible venereal tumors

et al. 2022

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Background Transmissible venereal tumors (TVT) are a wide range of canine tumors for which there are no effective markers to monitor the therapeutic response in real-time. Circulating biomarkers can be valuable in early cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the significance of the cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and cfDNA integrity index to monitor the response of TVTs to vincristine and compare them with lysyl oxidase activity. Plasma and sera were collected from fifteen male dogs within four weeks before drug administration. The analytical method was mainly based on the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique for short and long cfDNAs and lysyl oxidase activity was measured in serum. Results The results of the cfDNA integrity index showed a significant (p < 0.05) difference in the baseline concentration compared to the second and third weeks (with cut-off values of 1.118 and 93.33% specificity). The cfDNA integrity index increased over time due to the reduction of short cfDNAs in the first week after treatment. Lysyl oxidase activity increased during the fourth week (p < 0.001), but there were no significant differences in the other weeks compared to the baseline. The ROC analysis of lysyl oxidase revealed high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (90%) on the second and third weeks compared to the baseline. Multivariate analysis between cfDNA integrity index and lysyl oxidase showed significant correlation (p < 0.05) only in baseline results. Conclusions Overall, short cfDNA, the cfDNA integrity index, and lysyl oxidase activity can be proposed as diagnostic biomarkers and putative prognostic candidates in TVT patients. These biomarkers can be combined with cytology to quickly diagnose TVT.

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