Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett.
 2000
DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2760(20000220)24:4<254::aid-mop13>3.0.co;2-q
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Analysis of light reflections on the coupling efficiency of a laser diode to a conically lensed single-mode fiber

H. Ghafouri‐Shiraz
1
,
Keiichi Takahashi
2
,
H. T. Chuah
3
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Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)
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“…In order for us to compare the efficiency between the two lens coupling scheme and the single conically lensed SMF, we have analysed the single lensed scheme using the method described in [5] and [9] and using parameters in Table 1 laser diodes in terms of their coupling efficiency is due to the spot sizes of the lasers. One of the possible causes of coupling loss is due to the mismatch between the laser diode's and single mode fiber's spot sizes.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The distance between the laser diode and single mode fiber is also increased using the two lens scheme which is important in terms of the effect of multiple reflection. Multiple reflection between the facets would create power variation or fluctuation due to the effect of interference [5]. To reduce this power variation, the distance between the laser diode and SMF must be increased [5], and the two lens coupling scheme allows this additional distance without compromising with the efficiency.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Multiple reflection between the facets would create power variation or fluctuation due to the effect of interference [5]. To reduce this power variation, the distance between the laser diode and SMF must be increased [5], and the two lens coupling scheme allows this additional distance without compromising with the efficiency. The ball lens is also anti-reflection coated and so this would also reduce the effect of multiple reflection between the LD-ball lens and ball lens-SMF facets.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1, whereby it consists of a combination of a ball lens and the conically lensed SMF. The coupling efficiency of the two lens coupling scheme can then be analysed using equations in [5] and [9]: (1) where the symbols h x and h y are the coupling efficiencies in the x and y directions, respectively, and the electric field profiles of the laser diode and single mode fiber can be written as:…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The y component of the spot size, radii of curvature, LD and SMF electric field profiles are obtained by substituting x with y in (2c)-(2d). The parameter T(r) is the lens function of the conical lens and is given in [5] and [9]. In the first part of the analysis, we have ignored the effect of lens aberration, while the effect of reflection between the laser diode and conical lens facets is ignored throughout the analysis.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 4 more Smart Citations
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…In order for us to compare the efficiency between the two lens coupling scheme and the single conically lensed SMF, we have analysed the single lensed scheme using the method described in [5] and [9] and using parameters in Table 1 laser diodes in terms of their coupling efficiency is due to the spot sizes of the lasers. One of the possible causes of coupling loss is due to the mismatch between the laser diode's and single mode fiber's spot sizes.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The distance between the laser diode and single mode fiber is also increased using the two lens scheme which is important in terms of the effect of multiple reflection. Multiple reflection between the facets would create power variation or fluctuation due to the effect of interference [5]. To reduce this power variation, the distance between the laser diode and SMF must be increased [5], and the two lens coupling scheme allows this additional distance without compromising with the efficiency.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Multiple reflection between the facets would create power variation or fluctuation due to the effect of interference [5]. To reduce this power variation, the distance between the laser diode and SMF must be increased [5], and the two lens coupling scheme allows this additional distance without compromising with the efficiency. The ball lens is also anti-reflection coated and so this would also reduce the effect of multiple reflection between the LD-ball lens and ball lens-SMF facets.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…1, whereby it consists of a combination of a ball lens and the conically lensed SMF. The coupling efficiency of the two lens coupling scheme can then be analysed using equations in [5] and [9]: (1) where the symbols h x and h y are the coupling efficiencies in the x and y directions, respectively, and the electric field profiles of the laser diode and single mode fiber can be written as:…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The y component of the spot size, radii of curvature, LD and SMF electric field profiles are obtained by substituting x with y in (2c)-(2d). The parameter T(r) is the lens function of the conical lens and is given in [5] and [9]. In the first part of the analysis, we have ignored the effect of lens aberration, while the effect of reflection between the laser diode and conical lens facets is ignored throughout the analysis.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 3 more Smart Citations
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
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