Analysis of demographic variables in acquiring infection and mortality due to COVID-19.

Khan, Hamzullah; Hussain, Shabbir; Zar, Abu; Fawad, Sahibzada

doi:10.21608/mid.2020.34444.1030

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Michelozzi P et al stated that the rate of mortality was higher in males and it increases by increasing age. [22]. Asper our results, Khan and his team found no significant difference in gender regarding mortality rates [23].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 46%

The clinical presentations and outcomes in a cohort of hospitalized elderly COVID-19 Egyptian patients: A cross-sectional study

Saad

Metwaly

2021

NILES journal for Geriatric and Gerontology

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Background and aims: Elders at an increased risk of getting the novel COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the clinical presentations, laboratory and radiological investigations, and the patient's outcome in fifty seniors aged 60 years and more who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection in the period from December 2020 till March 2021. Results: The mean age was 68.2 ± 5.9 years (60% males and 40% females), 70% with comorbidities. Our patients exhibited a variety of clinical manifestations (constitutional, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and atypical) and hematological presentations with variable percentages. The mean period of hospital stay was15.05 days with 60% of the patients cured and 40% died (60% males, 40% females). The causes of death were septic shock (81.8%), ARDS (36.3%), AKI (18.2%), DIC (13.6), and encephalitis (9.1%). Using multivariant regression analysis and Roc curve analysis; levels of D-dimer >901ng/ml, interleukin-6 >13.5pg/ml, and >30% lung involvement were independent predictors of mortality after adjustment of other predictors. Conclusion: Elderly patients are vulnerable to complications caused by SARS Cov-2 infection especially in the setting of multiple comorbidities. Unexpectedly, gastrointestinal manifestations were associated with mortality in seniors along with low oxygen saturation, and wheezy chest. After multivariant regression analysis only D-dimer, interleukin-6, and the degree of lung involvement in CT were independent predictors of mortality in seniors after adjustment of other predictors.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 46%

The clinical presentations and outcomes in a cohort of hospitalized elderly COVID-19 Egyptian patients: A cross-sectional study

Saad

Metwaly

2021

NILES journal for Geriatric and Gerontology

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“…The mortality rate was 5.41%. 15 No significant difference of antibodies in gender groups was observed. However clinically severe Covid-19 positively moderates with male gender supported by the results of an interaction term with (β=0.388**; ΔR²=0.126, p-value=0.02) as compared to the female gender.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

SARS-COV-2 Neutralizing IgG Antibodies in Patients Recovered from COVID-19 in a Hospital-Based Study: From Predictions to Reality

Khan

Bari

Mohammad³

et al. 2021

JRMC

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Background: The duration and immunity nature in form of antibodies to COVID-19 is still not clear. But so far we know that an immune response protects the individuals from future illness for some specific time. The presence or absence of immunity tells us about the future transmission of illness. Objectives: To determine the frequency of antibodies to COVID-19 after three weeks of negative PCR report. To predict the association of the antibodies values with severity of the disease the patient had in recent past. Material and methods: We did a cross sectional study in department of Pathology on 36 patients recovered from COVID-19 from 3rd July 2020 to 31st July 2020. Antibodies level was measured by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay using Roche Cobas E411 Chemistry Analyzer for which commercial kits of Roche diagnostics were used as per the instructions of the manufacturer, in respondents after 3 weeks of a negative PCR report. Results: The mean with standard deviation for numerical variables i.e. (age and antibodies) was 34+11 years and 34.52+12.71 respectively. 29(80.55%) were males and 7(19.45%) females. The mean antibodies level was statically significantly higher in patients with age less than 50 years (p-value: 0.01). Patients who had severe symptoms at time of being reported positive by PCR had significantly higher antibodies cut off values as compared to asymptomatic positive patients (p-value:0.04). Clinically sever Covid-19 patients positively moderates with an increase in the values of the post infection anti SARS-COV-2 antibodies supported by an interaction term with (β=0.388**; ΔR²=0.126, p-value=0.02). Male gender supported by the results of an interaction term with (β=0.388**; ΔR²=0.126, p-value=0.02) had sever disease as compared to female. Conclusion: The higher anti SARS-COV-2 antibodies were reported in patients with age <50 years and in patients who had severe symptoms or history of hospitalization during the infectious period. There was a statistically significant relationship supported by the interactions terms of higher post infection antibodies level with male gender, an increase in age and with history of sever disease or hospitalization.

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“…The case fatality rate was 5.41% in our population. The infection was more common in younger age and mortality was more in older age irrespective of gender (p=0.014) [5]. Many factors could contribute for gender differences including low viral load in females because of less exposure as compared to the male gender in our religious society.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Exploring the Secrets of the Corona Virus: Gender Competition in Antibodies Production to Combat COVID-19

Khan¹

2020

JGMCP

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We did a pilot study in the month of July 2020 in Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical complex Nowshera with aim to determine the gender protective role in term of production of neutralizing Anti SARS-COV-2 antibodies. A total of 39 COVID-19 patients with recovery were selected and their antibodies cut off values were measured by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay using Roche Cobas E411 Chemistry Analyzer for which commercial kits of Roche diagnostics were used as per the instructions of the manufacturer. It was observed that Difference in mean post infection antibodies level was statistically significant with higher cut off values in patient who had symptoms at time of being reported positive by PCR as compared to patient who were asymptomatic (p-value:0.04). We predicted using Kaplan Meir that female gender the probability of survival as 70% in with cut off values of 100, while a vertical drop up to less than 20% probability of survival was predicted in male gender. Hence female gender produces higher level of antibodies in early infections to confer immunity in COVID-19.

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Analysis of demographic variables in acquiring infection and mortality due to COVID-19.

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

The clinical presentations and outcomes in a cohort of hospitalized elderly COVID-19 Egyptian patients: A cross-sectional study

The clinical presentations and outcomes in a cohort of hospitalized elderly COVID-19 Egyptian patients: A cross-sectional study

SARS-COV-2 Neutralizing IgG Antibodies in Patients Recovered from COVID-19 in a Hospital-Based Study: From Predictions to Reality

Exploring the Secrets of the Corona Virus: Gender Competition in Antibodies Production to Combat COVID-19

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