Analysis of Amygdalin in Various Matrices Using Electrospray Ionization and Flowing Atmospheric-Pressure Afterglow Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Amygdalin is a natural cyanogenic compound that plants produce in the fight against insects and herbivores. Excessive amounts of amygdalin by animals and humans can potentially lead to fatal intoxication. However, studies confirm that amygdalin has antitumor properties, including the ability to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and to induce their apoptosis. The analysis of amygdalin in various matrices is an important analytical problem today. The publication presents the methodology of direct determination of amygdalin in water, sewage, and biological materials using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and a new analytical method using flowing atmospheric-pressure afterglow mass spectrometry (FAPA-MS). The methods of analyte pre-concentration using a magnetic, molecularly imprinted polymer (mag-MIP) and the influence of interferents on the recorded spectra were discussed. Analytical parameters in ESI-MS and FAPA-MS methods were established. The linearity range was 4.5 µg L−1–45 mg L−1 in positive mode ESI-MS and FAPA-MS. The limit of detection (LOD) for ESI-MS was 0.101 ± 0.003 µg L−1 and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.303 ± 0.009 µg L−1. In FAPA-MS, the LOD was 0.050 ± 0.002 µg L−1 and the LOQ was 0.150 ± 0.006 µg L−1. The content of amygdalin in various matrices was determined.

Establishment of a Sonotrode Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Apple Pomace

“…Further, the amygdalin content was also analyzed. This was identified in the negative ion mode with m / z 456, molecular formula C 20 H 26 NO 11 , and its main product ion 323 as shown in Table S1 , in concordance with other authors that previously identified amygdalin [ 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Further, the negative-mode product ion chromatogram of amygdalin is shown in Figure S1 .…”

“…According to Lee et al (2013) [ 48 ], the fragment ion 323 corresponds to amygdalin losing the disaccharide, as well as fragment ions of m / z 221 and 263 that were identified corresponding to the cross-ring bond cleavage of glucose A 2 . Additionally, the linkage of amygdalin with Cl − in concordance with Guć et al (2020) can be appreciated in the fragment ion m / z 492 [ 49 ]. In addition, Figure S2 shows the HPLC–ESI–TOF–MS chromatogram of apple pomace with seed extracts, showing the location of amygdalin at time 3.47 min.…”

Adsorption and selectivity studies of direct and magnetite-cored molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs and magMIPs) towards chosen chalcones investigated with various analytical methods

“…The method has already been successfully implemented for analysis of e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inammatory agents, volatile organic compounds, hormones, avonoids, pesticides, or antioxidants, and is a very suitable technique for the fast and reliable detection of a wide range of analytes, omitting a demanding pre-separation or extraction steps. 26,[31][32][33][34][35][36] The main feature of FAPA ionization mode is connected with an external ionization source, which is a plasma generated from helium owing between two electrodes. Analytes introduced to the plasma are immediately ionized and directed to the spectrometer through the owing gas (Fig.…”

Study on the stability of molecular chirality and the configuration protection of dihydromyricetin in vine tea

“…Nevertheless, there remains a dearth of research addressing the alterations of chiral components in food. For instance, amygdalin can undergo interconversion between its R ‐ and S ‐configurations under alkaline conditions (Guć et al., 2020). These observations underscore the pressing need for further investigations regarding the effects of chiral compounds in food, particularly in relation to their molecular configurations and potential implications for safety and health.…”