Analysis and Monitoring of Volatile Analytes from Aqueous Solutions by Extractions into the Gas Phase Using Microdialysis Membranes and Coupling to Fast GC

Jones, Melissa A.; Kramer, Ashley C.; Humbert, Matthew; Vanadurongvan, Tyler; Maurer, Jonathan; Bowser, Michael T.; Borgerding, Anthony J.

doi:10.1021/ac071530h

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Tandem mass spectrometry (MS n ) is often used to acquire kinetic information on chemical reactions and to characterize the reaction intermediates in solution, providing advances in mechanistic studies in organic chemistry 2, 3. Although direct infusion electrospray ionization spectrometry (ESI‐MS)4–9 and membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS)10–12 are gaining popularity in this field, both techniques require a series of steps and specially designed equipment to complete the sample pre‐treatments (e.g. extraction, separation, dilution, etc.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Real‐time, on‐line monitoring of organic chemical reactions using extractive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Zhu

Gamez

Chen

et al. 2008

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) for real-time monitoring of organic chemical reactions was demonstrated for a well-established pharmaceutical process reaction and a widely used acetylation reaction in the presence of a nucleophilic catalyst, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (4-DMAP). EESI-MS provides real-time information that allows us to determine the optimum time for terminating the reaction based on the relative intensities of the precursors and products. In addition, tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) analysis via EESI-MS permits on-line validation of proposed reaction intermediates. The simplicity and rapid response of EESI-MS make it a valuable technique for on-line characterization and full control of chemical and pharmaceutical reactions, resulting in maximized product yield and minimized environmental costs.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Real‐time, on‐line monitoring of organic chemical reactions using extractive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Zhu

Gamez

Chen

et al. 2008

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…To date MCE, ultra-performance and capillary chromatography have been very successful analytical partners of MD. Also CE and fast GC [92] have found successful application with MD sampling. Multidimensional techniques enabling two very different separation platforms to be coupled such as LC-LC, LC-CE and CE-MS will allow extra selectivity for complex MD samples, which can possess a largely unknown chemical make-up.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current separation and detection methods in microdialysis the drive towards sensitivity and speed

Guihen

O’Connor

2009

Electrophoresis

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This review outlines some of the analytical challenges associated with the analysis of microdialysis (MD) samples, in particular, the minute complex sample volumes that are often encountered. In MD sampling many different low-molecular-weight molecules can be collected, but the research findings are often limited by the sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of the analytical technique that is coupled to the dialysis probe. Therefore it is critical that a lot of consideration is given in selecting the most suitable analytical method including the most appropriate detector. This review aims to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of a range of commonly used analytical methods employed in MD. In Section 1, a brief overview of the MD technique is described, followed by a discussion on some of the advantages and drawbacks of this sampling technique. Sections 2 and 3 examine analytical and other technical considerations regarding analysis, with special emphasis on the factors that specifically influence analytical detection. Section 4 outlines the most commonly employed analytical techniques used in MD, including HPLC coupled with various detectors. Detail is given regarding the LOD and LOQ for many applications using each detector. As MS is of such high importance in MD, a special sub-section has been devoted to it. The importance of CE is also highlighted, with specific applications described. In addition, analytical techniques that do not appear to have found routine use in MD are discussed. Section 5 is concerned with recent innovations in chemical separation techniques, in particular MCE and ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Specific applications of the coupling of these techniques with MD are highlighted, along with technical challenges associated with miniaturization. In the Section 6, the future outlook of MD is discussed. Techniques other than electrophoretic- and chromatographic based separation methods are outside the scope of this review.

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“…16 Analysis times on the order of 30 s have been achieved, but with instruments of conventional laboratory size. 17,18 A commercial portable (10 kg) instrument is also available, with reported detection limits of ppb levels, and the ability to separate n-alkane mixtures in 10 s. The detection element is a surface acoustic wave device. However, such detectors are typically limited in specificity and thus susceptible to interference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facility monitoring of toxic industrial compounds in air using an automated, fieldable, miniature mass spectrometer

Smith

Keil²,

Likens³

et al. 2010

Analyst

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Gaseous samples of nine toxic industrial compounds (acrolein, acrylonitrile, carbon disulfide, cyanogen chloride, ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, phosgene, and sulfur dioxide) were detected, identified, and quantitated using a fully automated, fieldable, miniature mass spectrometer equipped with a glow discharge electron ionization source and a cylindrical ion trap mass analyzer. The instrument was outfitted with a combined direct air leak and dual thermal desorption tube inlet that allowed for continuous sampling of compounds with throughput times of 2 min or less. Most compounds showed a linear response over the concentration ranges studied (sub-parts per billion [ppb] to parts per million [ppm]). Sorbent tube limits of detection (20 ppb to 8 ppm for all analytes) were lower than those reported for the two compounds examined using direct leak (acrylonitrile 16 ppm and phosgene 500 ppb). All limits of detection were below the concentration at which the compound poses an immediate danger to life and health. Sensitivity, probability of true positives, and the false positive rate for each analyte were investigated and described using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. High quality data with low false positive and negative rates are indicative of the good chemical specificity and sensitivity of the instrument. Complex matrices consisting of second-hand smoke, gasoline exhaust, diesel fuel exhaust, and multiple analytes were also studied. Detection limits for analytes generally increased in the mixtures, but analytes were still detected at concentrations as low as 100 ppb.

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Analysis and Monitoring of Volatile Analytes from Aqueous Solutions by Extractions into the Gas Phase Using Microdialysis Membranes and Coupling to Fast GC

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

Real‐time, on‐line monitoring of organic chemical reactions using extractive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Real‐time, on‐line monitoring of organic chemical reactions using extractive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry

Current separation and detection methods in microdialysis the drive towards sensitivity and speed

Facility monitoring of toxic industrial compounds in air using an automated, fieldable, miniature mass spectrometer

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