Analysis and Design of Choke Inductors for Switched-Mode Power Inverters

Abstract

Abstract-This paper presents the design, analytical estimation of power losses, and experimental measurement of choke inductors for switched-mode power inverters. The described approach is applicable to a wide variety of circuits such as Class-E inverters and converters. The expressions required to design the magnetic core in the choke inductor using the area-product ( A p ) method are given. The equations for the dc resistance, ac resistance at high frequencies, and dc and ac power losses are provided for the solid round winding wire. To validate the presented approach, an example class-E zero-voltage switching power inverter with practical specifications is considered. A core with air gap is selected to avoid core saturation in the choke inductor, which conducts dc current and a small ac current. The gapped core power loss density and power loss are estimated using Steinmetz empirical equation. It is shown that the winding power loss due to the dc current is dominant for the given design. A comparison between the area-product A p method and the preexisting core geometry coefficient K g method is presented. The measured magnitude of the inductor impedance has shown that the designed choke is useful up to ten times the switching frequency.

A ZVS‐ZCS phase shift full bridge DC‐DC converter with secondary‐side control for battery charging applications

“…The high frequency transformer has been made on ETD49 ferrite core with 12:2:2 turn ratio . The primary and secondary windings have been realized using Litz wire considering the skin effect and proximity effect . Moreover, to find the optimum trade‐off point between magnetizing inductance and coupling, the air gap of the transformer has been adjusted …”

“…15,16 The primary and secondary windings have been realized using Litz wire considering the skin effect and proximity effect. [16][17][18] Moreover, to find the optimum tradeoff point between magnetizing inductance and coupling, the air gap of the transformer has been adjusted. 19 Figure 6 shows the primary voltage, current, and the secondary voltage of the high frequency transformer for V o =24 V and I o =26 A in CC mode.…”

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“…8,31 In the above equation, P t is the output power of the transformer, and f S is the operating frequency. Therefore, a core should be selected that has an area product equal to or larger than the calculated W a A c .…”

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“…The suggested design procedure begins with transformer turns ratio determination as opposite to the established flyback design procedures [25,26] with optical feedback connections ( Figure 3A). The transformer turn ratio parameter represents the ratio between the primary and secondary turns N P /N S .…”

“…The parasitic components, such as leakage inductance L LK , secondary leakage inductance L LKS , output MOSFETs capacitance C oss , and secondary rectifier capacitance C DS , are analysed [26][27][28] and included in this design procedure.…”