Analyses of Biofilm on Implant Abutment Surfaces Coating with Diamond-Like Carbon and Biocompatibility

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface free energy (SFE), wetting and surface properties as well as antimicrobial, adhesion and biocompatibility properties of diamondlike carbon (DLC)-coated surfaces. In addition, the leakage of Escherichia coli through the abutment-dental implant interface was also calculated. SFE was calculated from contact angle values; R a was measured before and after DLC coating. Antimicrobial and adhesion properties against E. coli and cytotoxicity of DLC with human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were evaluated. Further, the ability of DLC-coated surfaces to prevent the migration of E. coli into the external hexagonal implant interface was also evaluated. A sterile technique was used for the semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (semi-quantitative PCR). The surfaces showed slight decreases in cell viability (p<0.05), while the SFE, R a , bacterial adhesion, antimicrobial, and bacterial infiltration tests showed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). It was concluded that DLC was shown to be a biocompatible material with mild cytotoxicity that did not show changes in R a , SFE, bacterial adhesion or antimicrobial properties and did not inhibit the infiltration of E. coli into the abutment-dental implant interface. A n a l y s e s o f B i o f i l m o n I m p l a n t A b u t m e n t S u r f a c e s C o a t i n g w i t h D i a m o n d -L i k e C a r b o n a n d B i o c o m p a t i b i l i t y

Titanium Alloys for Dental Implants: A Review

“…It should ideally include the deposition of an intermediate layer, such as amorphous silicon, to promote adhesion of DLC to the substrate [143]. The aim has been to produce surfaces of improved corrosion resistance and enhanced biocompatibility, and there is experimental evidence that success with these aspects can be achieved in vitro [142,144,145]. However, despite this promise, this approach has not yet had any impact on clinical practice, and DLC-coated dental implants are not yet being used in patients.…”

Biological Response to Carbon-Family Nanomaterials: Interactions at the Nano-Bio Interface

“…DLC surfaces have a diversity of properties, such as great hardness, near to the ground friction coefficients, chemical inertness, great resistance to wear, and good biocompatibilities, which make them promising candidates for biomedical applications (Allen et al, 1994; Butter and Lettington, 1995; Wei et al, 2016; Derakhshandeh et al, 2017; Huacho et al, 2017). DLC films are promising applicants for modifying the surface of artificial joints, which the cell responses to its surface properties have attracted attentions of scientists in recent years (Liao et al, 2016).…”

“…Butter and Lettington (Butter and Lettington, 1995) have investigated the efficacy of using DLC-coated pins into soft tissue and femurs of sheep, which their results indicated much superior bonding at DLC than metal–tissue borders with inferior risk of infection. Huacho et al (2017) have more recently studied the surface free energy (SFE), wetting and surface properties, antimicrobial, adhesion and biocompatibility characteristics of DLC surfaces for biomedical applications. Their results indicated that the DLC surfaces cause a small reduction in cell viability, whereas the SFE, roughness (R a), bacterial adhesion, antimicrobial, and bacterial infiltration investigations presented no noteworthy dissimilarities.…”

Effect of different scaling methods and materials on the enamel surface topography: An in vitro SEM study

“…[27] Casarin et al [28] reported that ultrasonic scalers can cause roughness of tooth surfaces, a process that can be affected by working factors such as procedure time, pressure, and angulation of the scaling tip. Oral bacterial adhesion and retention is affected by the surface roughness of any hard surfaces in the oral cavity and has a significant outcome on the formation and progression of dental plaque as well as influencing discoloration of esthetic restorations.. [29][30][31] Consequently, this in vitro study has been performed to detect the effect of routine scaling using hand or ultrasonic tips on the enamel surface roughness (Ra).…”