Análisis de la explosión del vocabulario en infantes hispano hablantes

Abstract

RESUMENSe analizó la explosión del vocabulario de ocho infantes mexicanos a lo largo de 16 meses. Las emisiones verbales de los infantes fueron registradas en escenarios naturales en interacción con coetáneos y cuidadoras, en contraste con los estudios que emplean los reportes parentales. Se identificaron los nombres empleados comparando las pautas de producción a lo largo de las edades observadas. Se evaluó una propuesta de explosión de vocabulario que estableciera un consenso entre las diversas propuestas existentes en la literatura sobre el tema. Los resultados muestran la ocurrencia de incrementos abruptos en la producción verbal de todos los infantes observados. El número de explosiones de vocabulario permitió distinguir entre grupos de infantes de Alta y Baja producción. Ambos grupos mostraron variaciones significativas en la producción de nombres nuevos a partir de los 27/28 meses de edad. Los hallazgos obtenidos podrían apoyar la aparente universalidad de la explosión del vocabulario. Palabras clave: explosión de vocabulario, desarrollo, nombres, aprendizaje. ABSTRACTThe vocabulary spurt produced by eight infants was registered weekly during a 16-months period and analyzed. The verbal utterances of the infants were observed and recorded during everyday activities in natural surroundings. The results confirm the occurrence of vocabulary spurts in all the subjects. The children were divided into two groups, those of high production and those of low production. The differences in patterns of response were noted from the age of 27/28 months and suggest different word learning strategies in the two groups. The results support the apparent universality of the vocabulary spurt.

Early vocabulary in two varieties of South American Spanish: Quantitative and qualitative differences

“…However, while Argentinians exhibited larger vocabularies compared to Peruvians between 16 and 24 months, Peruvians presented a more gradual increase, catching up with their Argentinian peers by 25 months or later. Besides individual differences in timing of the vocabulary spurt (Dale & Goodman, 2005;Hernández Padilla & Alva Canto, 2015;Samuelson & McMurray, 2017), our results suggest there are intercultural differences possibly linked to input quality and early interactions. Although only marginally significant, our mixed-effects regression model revealed a country-by-gender interaction which accounted for 2.5% of the variance, a very similar effect size to the one reported for gender in previous CDI studies (Eriksson et al, 2012).…”

“…Longitudinal studies on the vocabulary spurt in Spanish-speaking toddlers are scarce. Hernández Padilla and Alva Canto (2015) studied the lexical production of eight children aged 17-36 months through monthly observations along an 18-month period. Following Ganger and Brent (2004), the authors defined a vocabulary spurt as the production of 10 or more new nouns a month and found at least two spurts per each child, in line with Dandurand and Schultz (2011).…”