An Update on Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Applications in Nanomedicine

Abstract

The efficient and safe delivery of therapeutic drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids are essential for meaningful therapeutic benefits. The field of nanomedicine shows promising implications in the development of therapeutics by delivering diagnostic and therapeutic compounds. Nanomedicine development has led to significant advances in the design and engineering of nanocarrier systems with supra-molecular structures. Smart mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), with excellent biocompatibility, tunable physicochemical properties, and site-specific functionalization, offer efficient and high loading capacity as well as robust and targeted delivery of a variety of payloads in a controlled fashion. Such unique nanocarriers should have great potential for challenging biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, bioimaging techniques, stem cell research, and cancer therapies. However, in vivo applications of these nanocarriers should be further validated before clinical translation. To this end, this review begins with a brief introduction of MSNs properties, targeted drug delivery, and controlled release with a particular emphasis on their most recent diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

High-Density Horizontal Stacking of Chondrocytes via the Synergy of Biocompatible Magnetic Gelatin Nanocarriers and Internal Magnetic Navigation for Enhancing Cartilage Repair

“…In contrast, the RGD motif of gelatin could provide a cellular binding site to increase the interaction with cells via RGD binding and cell adhesion. Furthermore, MAGNC nanoparticles with SPION enrichment exist in the shell to increase the magnetic force and provide a larger contact area, benefiting from the increased interaction with the cell membrane [ 39 ]; therefore, MAGNC nanoparticles were designed to modulate chondrocyte behavior and increase the interaction between the carriers and cells. As illustrated in Figure 3 , compared to the SPION group, the MAGNC group revealed significantly higher magnetized cells, indicating that the RGD motif on MAGNCs can act as a ligand to enhance the cell association with chondrocytes [ 40 , 41 ].…”

Cell Membrane-Coated Mimics: A Methodological Approach for Fabrication, Characterization for Therapeutic Applications, and Challenges for Clinical Translation

“…Other templates like liposome-PEG, UCNPs, and PLNPs were used in combination with silica to increase their drug/photosensitizer loading capacity. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles are tunable to different sizes and shapes. , According to the reports, rod-shaped silica nanoparticles can enhance antimicrobial properties and regulate the endogenous reactive oxygen species for oxidative therapy . These tunable properties coupled with CMC mimics could offer potential therapeutic benefits if explored further.…”

Role of CD47-SIRPα Checkpoint in Nanomedicine-Based Anti-Cancer Treatment

“…The unique characteristics of NPs, such as large surface-volume ratio, small size, capacity to encapsulate various drugs, and tunable surface chemistry, provides themselves a large variety of advantages, including multivalent surface modification, efficient navigation in vivo , increased intracellular trafficking and sustained release of drug payloads ( Xu et al, 2015 ). Currently, diverse types of NPs exist, including liposomes ( Huynh et al, 2009 ; Wang et al, 2016 ; Olusanya et al, 2018 ; Yang et al, 2021 ), micelles ( Torchilin, 2007 ; Tawfik et al, 2020 ), poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) ( Sadat Tabatabaei Mirakabad et al, 2014 ; Rezvantalab et al, 2018 ), graphene ( Diez-Pascual, 2020 ), graphene oxide ( Kinnear et al, 2017 ; Diez-Pascual, 2020 ), protein nanoparticles ( Lohcharoenkal et al, 2014 ; Jain et al, 2018 ), extracellular vesicles (EVs) ( S et al, 2013 ; Si et al, 2022 ; Logozzi et al, 2021 ), exosomes ( De La Peña et al, 2009 ; Nie et al, 2020 ; Xia et al, 2020 ; Logozzi et al, 2021 ), magnetic NPs (MNPs) ( Colombo et al, 2012 ; Wu et al, 2019 ; Farzin et al, 2020 ), mesoporous silica NPs (MSNPs) ( Fu et al, 2013 ; Wang et al, 2015 ; Pelaz et al, 2017 ; Rastegari et al, 2021 ), and metal-organ frameworks (MOFs) ( Zheng et al, 2016 ; Wu and Yang, 2017 ; Xing et al, 2020 ), Ferritin ( Lee et al, 2017 ; Cho et al, 2018 ; Sun et al, 2021 ). Detailed information about the charaterizations, advantages and disadvantages of each type of NP is summarized in Table 2 .…”