An Up-to-Date Understanding of the “Krukenberg Tumor” Mechanism

Shah, Bikash; Tang, Wenhao; Karn, Shammi

doi:10.4236/arsci.2016.42005

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The exact mechanism of how extra-ovarian tumors give rise to ovarian metastases remains unclear. Several mechanisms have been proposed, including lymphogenous, hematogenous, and transcoelomic pathways [ 24 ]. The former two mechanisms involve the spreading of tumor cells via lymphatic and blood vessels, respectively, whereas transcoelomic dissemination means the spreading of the tumor cells across the peritoneal cavity [ 25 ].…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of metastatic tumors to the ovary: a comprehensive review

Kubeček

Laco

Špaček

et al. 2017

Clin Exp Metastasis

127

109

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Secondary tumors of the ovary account for 10–25% of all ovarian malignancies. The most common tumors that give rise to ovarian metastases include breast, colorectal, endometrial, stomach, and appendix cancer. The correct diagnosis of secondary ovarian tumors may be challenging as they are not infrequently misdiagnosed as primary ovarian cancer, particularly in the case of mucinous adenocarcinomas. The distinction from the latter is essential, as it requires different treatment. Immunohistochemistry plays an important role in distinguishing primary ovarian tumors from extra-ovarian metastases and, furthermore, may suggest the primary tumor site. Despite extensive study, some cases remain equivocal even after assessing a broad spectrum of antigens. Therefore, gene expression profiling represents an approach able to further discriminate equivocal findings, and one that has been proven effective in determining the origin of cancer of unknown primary site. The available data concerning secondary ovarian tumors is rather limited owing to the relative heterogeneity of this group and the practical absence of any prospective trials. However, several intriguing questions are encountered in daily practice, including rational diagnostic workup, the role of cytoreductive surgery, and consequent adjuvant chemotherapy. This review seeks to address these issues comprehensively and summarize current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of secondary ovarian tumors, including further discussion on the different pathways of metastatisation, metastatic organotropism, and their possible molecular mechanisms.

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Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of metastatic tumors to the ovary: a comprehensive review

Kubeček

Laco

Špaček

et al. 2017

Clin Exp Metastasis

127

109

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“…6 Mechanisms of the spread of Krukenberg tumor proposed are retrograde lymphatic dissemination involved in gastric cancer metastases, hematogenous spread most frequent in colorectal cancer, and transperitoneal direct spread. 7 A similar case of diffuse gastric cancer with peritoneal metastases and the Krukenberg tumor was described by Khosla et al 8 Krukenberg tumors are stage IV disease and have a poor prognosis with a median survival of 14 months. 9 This patient presented similarly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

An interesting case of ascites

Vignesh

Kumar

2023

Int J Adv Med

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The Krukenberg tumor is a rare tumor of the ovary which is malignant. It is usually a bilateral involvement of ovaries from the metastatic deposit from adenocarcinoma of the stomach. It is characterized by the stiffening and thickening of the gastric wall. The most common malignancy to manifest as the Krukenberg tumor is the stomach. Here, we discuss a case of diffuse adenocarcinoma of the stomach presenting as linitis plastica with ascites.

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“…These tumors are very often misdiagnosed as primary ovarian cancer and may be occasionally diagnosed during a clinical work-up for abdominal tenderness in the lower abdomen[ 12 , 13 ]. The KT is described mainly as a rare metastatic tumor of the ovary that originates from the gastrointestinal tract (stomach - 76%; colorectum - 4%, biliary system - 3%; appendix - 3%) but can also originate from breast (4%) and from other miscellaneous sites such as the pancreas, uterus, cervix, or urinary bladder[ 14 , 15 ]. KT is considered a late-stage disease, and despite growing clinical knowledge, there are still many controversies regarding standardized treatment protocols for this subset of patients[ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotheprapy after misdiagnosed gastric cancer: Case report and review of the literature

Nowacki¹,

Grzanka²,

Zegarski³

2018

WJG

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We report the first application of pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) as a rescue therapy before palliative D2 gastrectomy combined with liver metastasectomy performed in a 49-year-old woman with peritoneal carcinomatosis who was primarily diagnosed with and underwent surgery for a Krukenberg tumor. The PIPAC procedure was performed with the use of cisplatin at 7.5 mg/m2 and doxorubicin at 1.5 mg/m2 for 30 min at 37 °C. Eight weeks after the PIPAC procedure, the patient underwent open classic D2 gastrectomy with the creation of a Roux-en-Y anastomosis (RNY) combined with liver metastasectomy. The patient underwent the classic protocol for chemotherapy combined with Xeloda. The patient felt better and returned to her daily activities. Multicenter data should be gathered to confirm the usefulness of PIPAC as a rescue or neoadjuvant supportive therapy in a very select group of patients who have been recently qualified to undergo classic chemotherapy or standard oncologic surgical procedures.

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An Up-to-Date Understanding of the “Krukenberg Tumor” Mechanism

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

The pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of metastatic tumors to the ovary: a comprehensive review

The pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of metastatic tumors to the ovary: a comprehensive review

An interesting case of ascites

Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotheprapy after misdiagnosed gastric cancer: Case report and review of the literature

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