An unusual presentation of secondary syphilis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. A case report and review of the literature

Glover, R. A.

doi:10.1001/archderm.128.4.530

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…SA most commonly affects the scalp, but can affect any region covered with hair such as eyebrows [5,6,7], eyelashes [6,7], beard, chest [8], legs [5], axillae [9], and the pubic area [9]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair and Scalp Manifestations in Secondary Syphilis: Epidemiology, Clinical Features and Trichoscopy

et al. 2015

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Background: Syphilitic alopecia (SA) is mainly described in single case reports, and there are only a few epidemiological studies. Objective: To investigate the clinical and dermoscopic features of SA in patients with secondary syphilis and to record its actual prevalence. Methods: All patients with a diagnosis of secondary syphilis were clinically and trichoscopically evaluated in search of hair and scalp alterations. Results: Five of 12 patients (41.6%) diagnosed with secondary syphilis had SA. The ‘moth-eaten' pattern was detected in 4 patients (80% of cases): 1 had ‘essential' SA, whereas 3 patients had ‘symptomatic' SA. The ‘diffuse' SA pattern was found in 1 patient. Trichoscopy of the ‘moth-eaten' areas showed that alopecia is mainly due to a reduction in the number of terminal hairs. One patient with secondary syphilis showed trichodynia that regressed completely after antibiotic therapy. Limitations: The small number of patients included and the fact that none of our patients accepted to be biopsied in an affected area. Conclusion: Since SA appears to be present much more frequently than reported in the literature, when secondary syphilis is suspected, the patient should be examined for the presence of signs compatible with SA and the scalp should be examined by dermoscopy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair and Scalp Manifestations in Secondary Syphilis: Epidemiology, Clinical Features and Trichoscopy

et al. 2015

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“…In the developing world, heterosexual transmission is much more common, and the use of unscreened blood products may be important in both HIV and syphilis transmission. In contrast to the classic description of secondary syphilis [48], cutaneous secondary syphilis in HIV-infected patients is often associated with unusual clinical features. Oral erosions, nodules, papules, vesicles, hyperkeratotic plaques, and papulosquamous and maculopapular eruptions have all been described.…”

Section: Syphilismentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Oral erosions, nodules, papules, vesicles, hyperkeratotic plaques, and papulosquamous and maculopapular eruptions have all been described. Although the unusual manifestations of syphilis may be encountered in immunocompetent hosts, the likelihood of such is greater in HIV-infected patients with altered immunity, especially when the CD4 cell number drops below 150 cells ImP [48].…”

Section: Syphilismentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Diseases Associated with HIV Infection

Innocenzi

2001

Current Topics in Pathology

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“…Rompalo et al reported that HIV coinfection may have a limited effect on the clinical manifestations of primary and secondary syphilis: patients with primary syphilis and HIV tended to exhibit multiple ulcers at the site of inoculation more frequently than HIV-negative patients, and HIV-infected individuals presented more often with unhealed primary ulcers along with secondary manifestations (67). The cutaneous rash that is commonly associated with secondary syphilis has occasionally been reported to be atypical in HIV-infected patients (68,69). The prevalence of neurosyphilis was shown to be higher in HIV-infected patients with low CD4 ϩ counts than in HIV-negative individuals with syphilis (70,71).…”

Section: Treponemal Infections and Hivmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Endemic Treponematoses

2014

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SUMMARY The agents of human treponematoses include four closely related members of the genus Treponema : three subspecies of Treponema pallidum plus Treponema carateum . T. pallidum subsp. pallidum causes venereal syphilis, while T. pallidum subsp. pertenue , T. pallidum subsp. endemicum , and T. carateum are the agents of the endemic treponematoses yaws, bejel (or endemic syphilis), and pinta, respectively. All human treponematoses share remarkable similarities in pathogenesis and clinical manifestations, consistent with the high genetic and antigenic relatedness of their etiological agents. Distinctive features have been identified in terms of age of acquisition, most common mode of transmission, and capacity for invasion of the central nervous system and fetus, although the accuracy of these purported differences is debated among investigators and no biological basis for these differences has been identified to date. In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially set a goal for yaws eradication by 2020. This challenging but potentially feasible endeavor is favored by the adoption of oral azithromycin for mass treatment and the currently focused distribution of yaws and endemic treponematoses and has revived global interest in these fascinating diseases and their causative agents.

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An unusual presentation of secondary syphilis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection. A case report and review of the literature

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Hair and Scalp Manifestations in Secondary Syphilis: Epidemiology, Clinical Features and Trichoscopy

Hair and Scalp Manifestations in Secondary Syphilis: Epidemiology, Clinical Features and Trichoscopy

Skin Diseases Associated with HIV Infection

The Endemic Treponematoses

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