An Ultra-Low Quiescent Current Tri-Mode DC-DC Buck Converter With 92.1% Peak Efficiency for IoT Applications

Zhao, Mi; Li, Mengyu; Song, Shunfeng; Hu, Yaopeng; Yao, Yanxia; Bai, Xuetong; Hu, Rubo; Wu, Xiaobo; Tan, Zhichao

doi:10.1109/tcsi.2021.3090911

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Our proposed specification and performance are summarized in Table 1. It clearly shows that the proposed TFCS and ALCS technique yields an improvement in the power efficiency (4~6%) compared to some of the latest state-of-the-art research work [17][18][19]. However, one drawback is the fact that the external inductor and capacitor are relatively larger in our proposed work so as to achieve a smaller peak-to-peak output voltage ripple for a more accurate sensing of the load current.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…One of its advantages is that it has minimal switching noise, but its inherent accuracy is highly dependent on the DCR of the inductor and the tuning accuracy of the filter, which may lead to a variation of >±20%. One of the more recent works [19] uses a tri-mode operation (PFM, PWM and DGM) to handle a 100,000× load range. It works on the fact that by reducing the comparator current, a delay-based hysteresis window adaptive to the load current is generated, thereby reducing the total…”

Section: Appendix Amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Designing a Twin Frequency Control DC-DC Buck Converter Using Accurate Load Current Sensing Technique

Kok,

Siek

2023

Electronics

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In this paper, a buck DC-DC converter with the proposed twin frequency control scheme (TFCS) and accurate load current sensing (ALCS) was designed and implemented with 0.18 µm CMOS technology for a supply voltage ranging from 2.0 to 3.0 V, which is compatible with state-of-the-art batteries (NiCd/NiMH: 1.1–2 V, Li-Ion: 2.5–4.2 V). The proposed converter yields a peak efficiency of about 92.7% with a load current of 30 mA. Furthermore, it only occupies a silicon area of 1.3 mm2. The proposed buck converter is dedicated for smartphone applications whereby it spends most of its time in idle, low load conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Appendix Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing a Twin Frequency Control DC-DC Buck Converter Using Accurate Load Current Sensing Technique

Kok,

Siek

2023

Electronics

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“…To make a comprehensive comparison including three important performance metrics: the load range, the quiescent current, and the efficiency, a figure of merit (FoM) proposed in [23] is used (FoM = (I load_min /Il oad_ma x) × I q /Eff@ typical load). The proposed converter achieves a better FoM compared with [23,25] and [26]. Admittedly, [24] achieves lower FoM but the power consumption of bandgap and oscillator is not included.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the static current of the converter is not optimized, and it is difficult to achieve 1 𝜇A below. In order to obtain ultra-low quiescent current and further improve the efficiency under light load conditions, references [24][25][26] adopt the pulse frequency modulation (PFM) operating mode with variable frequency under light load conditions. Under extremely light load conditions, asynchronous mode (AM) controller, holding mode (RM) controller, and dark green mode (DGM) controller are designed respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ultra‐low quiescent current tri‐mode DC–DC boost converter with 95.6% peak efficiency for internet of things application

Zheng

Song

Guo

et al. 2023

IET Power Electronics

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An ultra‐low quiescent current tri‐mode DC–DC boost converter is proposed in this paper, which can efficiently handle loads from 1 μA to 300 mA, providing 5‐V output from 3 to 4.2‐V input. Hysteresis current mode control is adopted to realize seamless mode switching between continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). In order to deal with the light load situation, this paper proposes a quasi burst mode (QBM). In this mode, most of the modules are turned off and only the QBM controller, low‐power current bias and sample and hold circuit are retained, which significantly reduces the static current of the converter, and thus improves the light load efficiency. Meanwhile, the average current of error amplifier and comparator are reduced significantly by dynamic biasing. Finally, the efficiency of the converter is greatly improved and kept at a reasonable output ripple. The proposed converter is implemented in a 0.13‐μm BCD process design and manufacturing. The test results show that the quiescent current of the converter is only 780 nA, which can achieve a peak efficiency of 95.6%, and ensure that the efficiency is maintained above 80% in the load range of 10 μA to 300 mA.

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“…During most of their operating life, these circuits are operated under 'sleep' or 'standby' modes [1]. In these cases, a high efficiency conversion must be ensured even at light load operations [2]. As known, the conversion efficiency of a DC-DC converter is higher at heavy load but drastically reduces when the converter operates at light loads.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of a pulse‐skipping modulated DC–DC buck converter

Corti

Laudani²,

Lozito

et al. 2022

IET Power Electronics

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This paper presents an accurate averaged model of a Buck converter controlled via pulseskipping modulation (PSM). The derived model includes the parasitic elements of the circuit components, and it is not yet given in the literature. Output capacitor voltage and inductor current are analysed under steady-state operation by deriving the expressions of average and ripple amplitude values. The accuracy improvements introduced by the proposed model are validated by comparison against models existing in the literature. A design procedure based on the proposed model is formulated and experimentally validated. The expressions for the control-to-output and the input-to-output network functions, both including the parasitic components of the converter circuit, are derived and utilized to exploit the circuit dynamic behaviour in the frequency domain. INTRODUCTIONMany modern electronic applications involve devices that must remain active for their whole useful life. During most of their operating life, these circuits are operated under 'sleep' or 'standby' modes [1]. In these cases, a high efficiency conversion must be ensured even at light load operations [2]. As known, the conversion efficiency of a DC-DC converter is higher at heavy load but drastically reduces when the converter operates at light loads. For this reason, several efforts have been spent to improve the conversion efficiency of DC-DC converters when operated at light loads [3][4][5]. One of the most relevant aspects influencing the converter performance is its modulation. Pulseskipping modulation (PSM), for example, operates similarly to pulse width modulation (PWM), but some cycles are skipped to regulate the output voltage [6]. Due to the reduced number of pulses, the switching losses are reduced, and, therefore, PSM represents a suitable modulation technique for those applications where high conversion efficiency at lights load is required, such as wireless sensor networks [7], energy harvesting [8][9][10][11] and photovoltaic systems [12][13][14][15]. Differently from the PWM modulation, the PSM technique is not yet widely studied in literature. Only a few works related to steady-state models have been proposed. In [16], the efficiency of a Flyback converter driven by the PSM and PWMThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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An Ultra-Low Quiescent Current Tri-Mode DC-DC Buck Converter With 92.1% Peak Efficiency for IoT Applications

Cited by 32 publications

References 26 publications

Designing a Twin Frequency Control DC-DC Buck Converter Using Accurate Load Current Sensing Technique

Designing a Twin Frequency Control DC-DC Buck Converter Using Accurate Load Current Sensing Technique

An ultra‐low quiescent current tri‐mode DC–DC boost converter with 95.6% peak efficiency for internet of things application

Modelling of a pulse‐skipping modulated DC–DC buck converter

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