An Overview of Vascular Dysfunction and Determinants: The Case of Children of African Ancestry

Matjuda, Edna N.; Engwa, Godwill Azeh; Sewani-Rusike, Constance R; Nkeh-Chungag, Benedicta N.

doi:10.3389/fped.2021.769589

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…Vascular dysfunction includes large artery dysfunction due to arterial stiffness, microvascular dysfunction (dysfunction of the microcirculation), and endothelial dysfunction (dysfunction of the endothelium) [ 119 ]. Arterial wall stiffening is determined by the reduced elastin–collagen ratio caused by the production of ROS and by inflammation, aging, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia; all mechanisms that olive polyphenols reduce and counteract.…”

Section: Anti-stroke Action Of Olive Polyphenolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective Panel of Olive Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action, Anti-Demyelination, and Anti-Stroke Properties

Kezele

Ćurko-Cofek

2022

Nutrients

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Neurological diseases such as stroke and multiple sclerosis are associated with high morbidity and mortality, long-term disability, and social and economic burden. Therefore, they represent a major challenge for medical treatment. Numerous evidences support the beneficial effects of polyphenols from olive trees, which can alleviate or even prevent demyelination, neurodegeneration, cerebrovascular diseases, and stroke. Polyphenols from olive oils, especially extra virgin olive oil, olive leaves, olive leaf extract, and from other olive tree derivatives, alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress, two major factors in demyelination. In addition, they reduce the risk of stroke due to their multiple anti-stroke effects, such as anti-atherosclerotic, antihypertensive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, and anti-thrombotic effects. In addition, olive polyphenols have beneficial effects on the plasma lipid profiles and insulin sensitivity in obese individuals. This review provides an updated version of the beneficial properties and mechanisms of action of olive polyphenols against demyelination in the prevention/mitigation of multiple sclerosis, the most common non-traumatic neurological cause of impairment in younger adults, and against cerebral insult with increasing incidence, that has already reached epidemic proportions.

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Section: Anti-stroke Action Of Olive Polyphenolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective Panel of Olive Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action, Anti-Demyelination, and Anti-Stroke Properties

Kezele

Ćurko-Cofek

2022

Nutrients

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“…For example, a study conducted in Spain found that the mitochondrial content of HEU children was significantly increased [49]. Loss of mitochondrial function, which was observed in HEU children exposed to ART in utero [47,49,52,62], may lead to an increase in the release of lipids into circulation, where they reduce nitric oxide, which is an important vasodilator that acts by indirectly mediating oxidative stress and downregulating insulin signalling [70,71]. Increased concentrations of insulin were observed in HEU children compared with those of HUU children [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardio-Metabolic Health of Offspring Exposed in Utero to Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus and Anti-Retroviral Treatment: A Systematic Review

Matjuda,

Engwa,

Mungamba

et al. 2024

Biology

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Background: Antiretroviral treatment (ART) use during pregnancy continues to rise as it is known to decrease the likelihood of HIV transmission from mother to child. However, it is still unknown whether foetal exposure to (ART) may affect the foetal environment, predisposing the offspring to cardiometabolic risk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to systematically review the cardio-metabolic effects of in utero exposure to HIV/ART on offspring. Methods: We carried out a systematic review and obtained literature from the Google scholar, PubMed, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Two independent reviewers evaluated the titles, abstracts, and full-length English contents. Data from the eligible studies were included. Results: The search yielded 7596 records. After assessing all of these records, 35 of the full-length articles were included in this systematic review. Several studies showed that low birth weight, small head circumference, and altered mitochondrial content were more common among HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children compared to HIV-unexposed uninfected children (HUU). A few studies demonstrated elevated triglyceride levels, lower levels of insulin, and increased blood pressure, oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, cardiac damage, and myocardial dysfunction among HEU children compared with HUU children. Conclusion: Most findings showed that there were cardio-metabolic health risk factors among HEU children, indicating that maternal exposure to HIV and ART may negatively affect foetal health, which may lead to cardio-metabolic morbidity later in life.

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“…Vascular dysfunction encompasses a range of impaired functions within blood vessels, including endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, impaired angiogenesis, and irregular vessel structure [20][21][22]. In the context of degenerative diseases, vascular dysfunction assumes profound significance as it often serves as a common element connecting various disease processes across different body systems (Figure 1B).…”

Section: Vascular Dysfunction In Degenerative Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Vascular System in Degenerative Diseases: Mechanisms and Implications

Sheikh,

Yano,

Tabassum

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Degenerative diseases, encompassing a wide range of conditions affecting various organ systems, pose significant challenges to global healthcare systems. This comprehensive review explores the intricate interplay between the vascular system and degenerative diseases, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms and profound implications for disease progression and management. The pivotal role of the vascular system in maintaining tissue homeostasis is highlighted, as it serves as the conduit for oxygen, nutrients, and immune cells to vital organs and tissues. Due to the vital role of the vascular system in maintaining homeostasis, its dysfunction, characterized by impaired blood flow, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular inflammation, emerges as a common denominator of degenerative diseases across multiple systems. In the nervous system, we explored the influence of vascular factors on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, emphasizing the critical role of cerebral blood flow regulation and the blood–brain barrier. Within the kidney system, the intricate relationship between vascular health and chronic kidney disease is scrutinized, unraveling the mechanisms by which hypertension and other vascular factors contribute to renal dysfunction. Throughout this review, we emphasize the clinical significance of understanding vascular involvement in degenerative diseases and potential therapeutic interventions targeting vascular health, highlighting emerging treatments and prevention strategies. In conclusion, a profound appreciation of the role of the vascular system in degenerative diseases is essential for advancing our understanding of degenerative disease pathogenesis and developing innovative approaches for prevention and treatment. This review provides a comprehensive foundation for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers seeking to address the intricate relationship between vascular health and degenerative diseases in pursuit of improved patient outcomes and enhanced public health.

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An Overview of Vascular Dysfunction and Determinants: The Case of Children of African Ancestry

Cited by 5 publications

References 152 publications

Neuroprotective Panel of Olive Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action, Anti-Demyelination, and Anti-Stroke Properties

Neuroprotective Panel of Olive Polyphenols: Mechanisms of Action, Anti-Demyelination, and Anti-Stroke Properties

Cardio-Metabolic Health of Offspring Exposed in Utero to Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus and Anti-Retroviral Treatment: A Systematic Review

The Role of the Vascular System in Degenerative Diseases: Mechanisms and Implications

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