An overview of the appendicular skeletal anatomy of South American titanosaurian sauropods, with definition of a newly recognized clade

Riga, Bernardo J. González; Lamanna, Matthew C.; Otero, Alejandro; David, Leonardo Daniel Ortiz; Kellner, Alexander W. A.; Ibiricu, Lucio Manuel

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201920180374

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 92 publications

(195 reference statements)

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“…16 of (González Riga & David, 2014) & Fig. 4 of (González Riga et al, 2019). The humeri of A. cooperensis share a combination of characteristics that are missing from more derived titanosaurians.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 97%

“…loricatus, Ep. sciuttoi (Martínez et al, 2004) and Bonatitan reigi (González Riga et al, 2019), to straight and deep diaphyses in taxa like P. mayorum (Carballido et al, 2017), to anteroposteriorly compressed and mediolaterally broad, sinuous diaphyses in taxa like A. cooperensis, L. astibiae (Díaz, 2013) and Dr. schrani (Ullmann & Lacovara, 2016).…”

Section: Femur (Figs 23-26) (Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the absence of such a resolved phylogeny, we can consider the phylogenetic position of A. cooperensis using a comparative approach, using published phylogenies and the spread of characteristics hypothesized to define particular clades. The phylogenetics of titanosaurians remains in a state of flux with multiple assessments appearing in recent years investigating the relative position of taxa in a global context, covering Late Jurassic to Late Cretaceous (Carballido et al, 2017;D'Emic, 2012;González Riga et al, 2019;Gonzàlez Riga et al, 2018;Hechenleitner et al, 2020;Mannion, Allain & Moine, 2017;Mannion et al, 2013;Mannion et al, 2019a;Mannion et al, 2019b).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Positionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For our comparative approach, we use a recent review of the appendicular skeletons of South American titanosaurians (González Riga et al, 2019) that focuses on the appendicular synapomorphies which are derived from two independent phylogenetic assessments of titanosaurians (D'Emic, 2012;Mannion et al, 2013). We find the following features present in A. cooperensis that are considered to be synapomorphies of Titanosauria or clades within it: (1) The humerus length is less than 80% the femur length (= Saltasauridae) (79% for A. cooperensis).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Positionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( 12) Femur with longitudinal ridge on anterior face of shaft (linea intermuscularis cranialis (Otero, 2010)) is preserved on the anterior face of the distal diaphysis in the holotype EMF102 and is well preserved along the entire anterior face of the referred femur in EMF105 (= Alamosaurus + 'Saltasaurini'). (13) Femoral distal condyles are bevelled 10 dorsomedially relative to shaft (= Saltasauridae) with the slightly distally projected fibular condyle that is not as exaggerated as seen in Saltasaurus and Bonatitan (González Riga et al, 2019).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Positionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new giant sauropod,Australotitan cooperensisgen. et sp. nov., from the mid-Cretaceous of Australia

Hocknull

Wilkinson

Lawrence

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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A new giant sauropod, Australotitan cooperensis gen. et sp. nov., represents the first record of dinosaurs from the southern-central Winton Formation of the Eromanga Basin, Australia. We estimate the type locality to be 270–300 m from the base of the Winton Formation and compare this to the semi-contemporaneous sauropod taxa, Diamantinasaurus matildae Hocknull et al., 2009, Wintonotitan wattsi Hocknull et al., 2009 and Savannasaurus elliottorum Poropat et al., 2016. The new titanosaurian is the largest dinosaur from Australia as represented by osteological remains and based on limb-size comparisons it reached a size similar to that of the giant titanosaurians from South America. Using 3-D surface scan models we compare features of the appendicular skeleton that differentiate Australotitan cooperensis gen. et sp. nov. as a new taxon. A key limitation to the study of sauropods is the inability to easily and directly compare specimens. Therefore, 3-D cybertypes have become a more standard way to undertake direct comparative assessments. Uncoloured, low resolution, and uncharacterized 3-D surface models can lead to misinterpretations, in particular identification of pre-, syn- and post-depositional distortion. We propose a method for identifying, documenting and illustrating these distortions directly onto the 3-D geometric surface of the models using a colour reference scheme. This new method is repeatable for researchers when observing and documenting specimens including taphonomic alterations and geometric differences. A detailed comparative and preliminary computational phylogenetic assessment supports a shared ancestry for all four Winton Formation taxa, albeit with limited statistical support. Palaeobiogeographical interpretations from these resultant phylogenetic hypotheses remain equivocal due to contrary Asian and South American relationships with the Australian taxa. Temporal and palaeoenvironmental differences between the northern and southern-central sauropod locations are considered to explain the taxonomic and morphological diversity of sauropods from the Winton Formation. Interpretations for this diversity are explored, including an eco-morphocline and/or chronocline across newly developed terrestrial environments as the basin fills.

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Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 97%