An overview of remote monitoring methods in biodiversity conservation

Abstract

Conservation of biodiversity is critical for the coexistence of humans and the sustenance of other living organisms within the ecosystem. Identification and prioritization of specific regions to be conserved are impossible without proper information about the sites. Advanced monitoring agencies like the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) had accredited that the sum total of species that are now threatened with extinction is higher than ever before in the past and are progressing toward extinct at an alarming rate. Besides this, the conceptualized global responses to these crises are still inadequate and entail drastic changes. Therefore, more sophisticated monitoring and conservation techniques are required which can simultaneously cover a larger surface area within a stipulated time frame and gather a large pool of data. Hence, this study is an overview of remote monitoring methods in biodiversity conservation via a survey of evidence-based reviews and related studies, wherein the description of the application of some technology for biodiversity conservation and monitoring is highlighted. Finally, the paper also describes various transformative smart technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and/or machine learning algorithms for enhanced working efficiency of currently available techniques that will aid remote monitoring methods in biodiversity conservation.

Advancements of ”CAPTAIN” in Plants Conservation Compared to Traditional Techniques

“…Due to the rapid development of biological and genome-related techniques, biologists and environmentalists have been working on conservation genomics for years. This involves the use of molecular techniques [12] or apply the prediction of global distribution of extinction species[? ], which require extensive input [13].…”

Forest fragmentation causes an isolated population of the golden takin (Budorcas taxicolor bedfordi Thomas, 1911) (Artiodactyla: Bovidae) in the Qinling Mountains (China)

“…To formulate scientific and effective protection measures, the scientific evaluation of the population genetic diversity and genetic structure of B. t. bedfordi is necessary. Since microsatellite loci can provide high-resolution genetic information, they are very suitable for population genetic studies of wild animals such as B. t. bedfordi with a small population distribution area [ 17 – 18 ]. Compared with traditional microsatellite loci isolation methods, next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques are more efficient and less costly [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Optimizing Biodiversity Conservation in Sundaland through Advanced Geospatial Techniques and Remote Sensing Technologies

“…As a result of widespread logging, agricultural development, and hunting pressure, ecosystem loss and degradation are the principal risks [4,5]. Natural forests have deteriorated due to increased agricultural growth, with a 50% loss in lowland areas over the past two decades [6] (Hussein, 2023) and in montane areas [7]. Protected areas (PAs) are places set aside to preserve biodiversity and stop logging, habitat preservation and wildlife population maintenance [8] (Chen, et al, 2023).…”

“…Geographic information system (GIS) is a powerful tool that can be used to identify and track threats to Sundaland's biodiversity [7]. GIS can help us identify areas where there is a high potential for conflict or environmental degradation, and it can also be used to develop sustainable solutions (Ahmad, 2023) [14].…”

“…This information can then be used to monitor and protect Sundaland's resources from damage [19]. For example, remote sensing data can be used to identify areas where there is a high potential for forest fires, and this information can then be used to develop fire prevention strategies [7]. By using GIS and RS technologies, we can protect Sundaland's biodiversity and ensure that the region remains an important ecological resource [20].…”