An Overview of Nanomaterials for Water and Wastewater Treatment

Lu, Haijiao; Wang, Jingkang; Stoller, Marco; Wang, Ting; Bao, Ying; Hao, Hongxun

doi:10.1155/2016/4964828

Cited by 227 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…The phenol adsorption capacity of the magnetic zinc oxide nanotubes was carried out by the batch contact method [ 24 ]. In batch method, 20 mg of nano-zinc oxide were added to 10 mL of known phenol solution concentrations and mixed at different temperatures using a shaking incubator.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ZnO nanostructure is an environment-friendly material, as it is non-toxic for different organisms [ 23 ], which makes the material suitable for the treatment of water and wastewater. Besides, the photocatalytic capability of the ZnO nanostructure is similar to that of the TiO 2 nanostructure because their band gap energies are almost the same [ 24 ]. However, the ZnO nanostructure has the advantage of low cost alongside its biocompatibility compared with the TiO 2 nanostructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Magnetic Zinc Oxide Nanotubes for Phenol Adsorption: Mechanism Modeling

et al. 2017

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Considering the great impact of a material’s surface area on adsorption processes, hollow nanotube magnetic zinc oxide with a favorable surface area of 78.39 m2/g was fabricated with the assistance of microwave technology in the presence of poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) as a stabilizing agent followed by sonic precipitation of magnetite nano-particles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs identified the nanotubes’ morphology in the synthesized material with an average aspect ratio of 3. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis verified the combination of magnetite material with the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO in the prepared material. The immobilization of magnetite nanoparticles on to ZnO was confirmed using vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The sorption affinity of the synthesized magnetic ZnO nanotube for phenolic compounds from aqueous solutions was examined as a function of various processing factors. The degree of acidity of the phenolic solution has great influence on the phenol sorption process on to magnetic ZnO. The calculated value of ΔH0 designated the endothermic nature of the phenol uptake process on to the magnetic ZnO nanotubes. Mathematical modeling indicated a combination of physical and chemical adsorption mechanisms of phenolic compounds on to the fabricated magnetic ZnO nanotubes. The kinetic process correlated better with the second-order rate model compared to the first-order rate model. This result indicates the predominance of the chemical adsorption process of phenol on to magnetic ZnO nanotubes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Magnetic Zinc Oxide Nanotubes for Phenol Adsorption: Mechanism Modeling

et al. 2017

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“…In this study, palm shell waste activated carbon (PPAC) was used, which is a cost-effective material [28].The effectiveness of magnesium silicate (MgSiO 3 ) for PTMs removal was recently studied [29], and it was noted that MgSiO 3 has the capability for ion exchange between Mg(II) and positively charged metal ions. However, nano-sized materials do not have a practical implementation for wastewater treatment because of separation difficulty in the treatment system and insufficient assessment of the toxicity of nano-sized materials [30,31]. To improve metal removal efficiency and hydro conductivity, several studies have examined chemical coatings such as iron oxide [32], silica [33], manganese oxide [34], magnetite lanthanum oxide [28], and zinc chloride [35] on active carbon, which has hydrophobic characteristics toward metal ions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

One Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Magnesium Silicate Impregnated Palm Shell Waste Activated Carbon for Copper Ion Removal

Choong

Lee

Jang

et al. 2018

Metals

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Magnesium silicate impregnated onto palm-shell waste activated carbon (PPAC) underwent mild hydrothermal treatment under one-pot synthesis, designated as PPAC-MC. Various impregnation ratios from 25 to 300% of MgSiO 3 onto PPAC were tested. High levels of MgSiO 3 led to high Cu(II) adsorption capacity. A ratio of 1:1 (PPAC-MS 100) was considered optimum because of its chemical stability in solution. The maximum adsorption capacity of PPAC-MS 100 for Cu(II) obtained by isotherm experiments was 369 mg g −1 . The kinetic adsorption data fitted to pseudo-second-order model revealed as chemisorption. Increasing ionic strength reduced Cu(II) adsorption capacity due to the competition effect between Na + and Cu 2+ . In addition, PPAC-MS 100 showed sufficient adsorption capacity for the removal of Zn(II), Al(III), Fe(II), Mn(II), and As(V), with adsorption capacities of 373 mg g −1 , 244 mg g −1 , 234 mg g −1 , 562 mg g −1 , 191 mg g −1 , respectively. Three regeneration studies were also conducted. PPAC-MS was characterized using Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). Overall, PPAC-MS 100 is a competitive adsorbent due to its high sorption capacity and sufficient regeneration rate, while remaining economical through the reuse of palm-shell waste materials.However, the adsorption method suffers in terms of developing efficient adsorbents together with reduction of removal capacity in the complex situation, while competing with chemical components [11]. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient adsorbents which can be adapted to complex conditions with efficient binding capacity for not only single-type metal adsorption, but also complex PTMs compounds.Porous materials have advantages in adsorption due to their higher surface area and the ability to bind functional group on the surface [12]. Activated carbon is a type of porous material which is widely used for micropollutant adsorption because of its high specific surface area, adequate pore structure, and fast kinetic adsorption [13,14]. A great deal of research has investigated micropollutant removal using modified activated carbon with amine groups [15,16], Fe 2 O 3 impregnation [17,18], anionic surfactants [19,20] and others. However, commercial active carbon is expensive, thus, several studies have been conducted to find economical adsorbents such as bamboo [21,22], spent tea leaves [23], nut shell [24,25], sawdust [26], and cotton hull [27]. In this study, palm shell waste activated carbon (PPAC) was used, which is a cost-effective material [28].The effectiveness of magnesium silicate (MgSiO 3 ) for PTMs removal was recently studied [29], and it was noted that MgSiO 3 has the capability for ion exchange between Mg(II) and positively charged metal ions. However, nano-sized materials do not have a practical implementation for wastewater treatment because of separation difficulty in the treatment system and insufficient assessment of the...

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“…Moreover, a recent improvement on carboniferous and siliceous nano-materials enclosed nano-sheets, nano-tubes and nano-particles of carbon and silicon declared as efficient adsorbents for sorption of metals and dyes from wastewater. Some oxides and carbon based nanomaterials are discussed below [55][56][57].…”

Section: Applications Of Nano-particles As Adsorbentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Nano-Particles and Their Applications in Adsorption

Saeed¹,

Akhtar²,

Mahmood³

et al. 2020

Engineered Nanomaterials - Health and Safety

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The nano-technologies and nano-materials draw incredible consideration in recent years. Nano-particles are the particles having size ranging from 1 to 100 nm. The nano-particles are usually categorized into different classes, and their classification is based on size, shape, material production, and dimension. They show superior properties, i.e., enhanced reactivity, high BET surface area, sensitiveness, and steadiness as compared to their bulk materials. In this chapter, different approaches of synthesizing nano-particles, including sol gel, chemical vapor deposition, and biosynthesis are talked over. In the treatment of wastewater, nano-particles offer a possibility for effective adsorption of contaminants organic as well as inorganic. This chapter presents an overview on nano-particles, their types, characteristics, synthetic approaches, and applications in the field of surface chemistry.

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An Overview of Nanomaterials for Water and Wastewater Treatment

Cited by 227 publications

References 117 publications

Novel Magnetic Zinc Oxide Nanotubes for Phenol Adsorption: Mechanism Modeling

Novel Magnetic Zinc Oxide Nanotubes for Phenol Adsorption: Mechanism Modeling

One Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Magnesium Silicate Impregnated Palm Shell Waste Activated Carbon for Copper Ion Removal

Preparation of Nano-Particles and Their Applications in Adsorption

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