An Overview of Insect Growth Disruptors; Applied Aspects

Pener, M. P.; Dhadialla, Tarlochan S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391500-9.00001-2

Cited by 76 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 645 publications

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“…Strong variations in insects' susceptibility to azadirachtin were noted depending on insect order, species, formulation, or the method of application . Sensitivity of insects to insecticides varies also with the regulation of plasma membrane receptor and/or ion channels, penetration rate through the cuticle, absorption by insects, transport in tissues of the body and metabolism …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is non‐toxic to humans and warm‐blooded vertebrates and without genotoxicity for mammals . However, because azadirachtin acts as an insect growth disruptor, negative side effects on beneficial arthropods are expected. Studies have reported various effects of neem products on non‐target species, such as mites, parasitoids and bees .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Azadirachtin effects on mating success, gametic abnormalities and progeny survival in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera)

Oulhaci

Denis

Kilani-Morakchi

et al. 2017

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Azadirachtin is a prominent natural pesticide and represents an alternative to conventional insecticides. It has been successfully used against insect pests. However, its effects on reproduction require further analysis. Here we investigated lethal and sublethal effects of azadirachtin, on treated adults in a model insect, Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen). Dose-mortality relationships as well as several parameters of reproduction (mating, spermatogenesis, oogenesis and fertility) were examined.RESULTS: Neem-Azal, a commercial formulation of azadirachtin, applied topically on newly emerged adults, increased mortality with a positive dose-dependent relationship. The LD 50 (0.63 g) was determined 24 h after treatment using a non-linear regression. Adults surviving this dose had a mating success that was divided by 3 and a progeny production reduced by half when males were treated, and even more when females were treated. When combining probability of survival, of mating and reduced progeny, it appeared that LD 50 induced a 98% reduction in reproductive rates. Reduced progeny was partially explained by the effect of adult treatment on gametes number and abnormalities. The number of cysts and the apical nuclei positions within the cysts decreased by 29.7% and 20%, respectively, in males. In females, the number of oocytes per ovary and the volume of basal oocytes also decreased by 16.1% and 32.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Azadirachtin causes significant toxic effects in both sexes and decreases the fecundity and fertility of D. melanogaster. Females are more sensitive to azadirachtin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azadirachtin effects on mating success, gametic abnormalities and progeny survival in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera)

Oulhaci

Denis

Kilani-Morakchi

et al. 2017

Pest Management Science

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“…Three major classes of IGRs are commercially available (3). These IGRs include juvenile hormone (JH) agonists (methoprene and pyriproxyfen), ecdysone agonists (halofenozide and tebufenozide), and chitin synthase inhibitors (buprofezine).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of plant compounds that disrupt the insect juvenile hormone receptor complex

Lee

Fāng

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Insects impact human health through vector-borne diseases and cause major economic losses by damaging crops and stored agricultural products. Insect-specific growth regulators represent attractive control agents because of their safety to the environment and humans. We identified plant compounds that serve as juvenile hormone antagonists (PJHANs). Using the yeast twohybrid system transformed with the mosquito JH receptor as a reporter system, we demonstrate that PJHANs affect the JH receptor, methoprene-tolerant (Met), by disrupting its complex with CYCLE or FISC, formation of which is required for mediating JH action. We isolated five diterpene secondary metabolites with JH antagonist activity from two plants: Lindera erythrocarpa and Solidago serotina. They are effective in causing mortality of mosquito larvae at relatively low LD 50 values. Topical application of two diterpenes caused reduction in the expression of Met target genes and retardation of follicle development in mosquito ovaries. Hence, the newly discovered PJHANs may lead to development of a new class of safe and effective pesticides. Diseases transmitted by insects result in a million deaths per year (1), and insect infestation leads to annual losses of agricultural products worth billions of US dollars (2). The high toxicity of currently available insecticides presents environmental and health risks, and growing resistance and cross-resistance of insects to these existing insecticides gravely complicates the situation. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop novel effective insecticides.Insect growth regulators (IGRs) have been devised based on insect-specific functions. Three major classes of IGRs are commercially available (3). These IGRs include juvenile hormone (JH) agonists (methoprene and pyriproxyfen), ecdysone agonists (halofenozide and tebufenozide), and chitin synthase inhibitors (buprofezine). They possess low off-target toxicity and environmental danger and have been used to control pests. JHbased IGRs are of particular interest because JH is an insectspecific hormone. JH agonists (JHAs) disrupt insect endocrine regulation, causing abnormal development and larval fatality (4). However, JHAs have limitations in the scope of their applications because they mimic and enhance the JH mode of action. Theoretically, JH antagonists (JHANs) could be used as a powerful alternative, but no effective JHANs have yet been developed.Recent studies identified methoprene-tolerant (Met) as the JH receptor (5, 6). Met is a member of the family of basic helixloop-helix (bHLH)-Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) transcription factors that requires homo-or heterodimerization for DNA binding and transcriptional regulation (7). In the Aedes aegypti mosquito, Met forms a heterodimer with other bHLH-PAS factors, the steroid receptor coactivator (SRC/FISC), or Cycle (CYC) in a JHdependent manner (8, 9). JH-mediated Met-CYC binding has been quantitatively simulated using the two-hybrid yeast β-galactosidase assay in a yeast cell, Y187 (9). Thus, it is possible to test both J...

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“…Acyl ureas comprise a group of these insect growth regulators that are able to inhibit synthesis of insect chitin [5]. Most of the affected insects die from rupturing of the new malformed cuticle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Genotoxicity of Lufenuron and Chlorfluazuron Insecticides in Drosophila melanogaster Using a Germ-Line Cell Aneuploidy and Chromosomal Aberrations Test

2017

IJAAEE

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Abstract-Acyl ureas, as insect growth regulators, were developed as "safe‖ and -non-mutagenic" insecticides. Here, using Drosophila melanogaster as a model system, three genotoxic modes of action of the acyl ureas were revealed. First, an adapted and modified genotoxicity test revealed genotoxicity in the germ-line cells of treated males. This was characterized as aneuploidy and chromosomal aberrations in brood 1 sperm of parental males that were inherited and appeared phenotypically at statistically significant rates (P ≤ 0.05) in F1 males. Second, damage to the entire genomic DNA, which was assessed in the adult fly of the isogenic strain w 1118 , was qualitatively indicated by an apoptosis-associated DNA fragmentation test. Apoptosis-specific internucleosomal cleaved fragments of 180-200 bp (and their multiples) were detected. DNA damage was also quantitatively estimated by the comet assay under a high alkaline condition (pH > 13). From the tail moment criterion of this test, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) between the treated and untreated flies was observed. Third, we identified point mutations in specific fragments of the Dmp53 and Rbf tumor suppressor genes. Pairwise alignments of the obtained PCR products from pools of treated and untreated flies revealed the occurrence of point mutations as a genotoxic effect of acyl urea treatment. Based on these findings we propose that acyl ureas are multitudinous mutagens having three distinct mutagenic modes of action.

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An Overview of Insect Growth Disruptors; Applied Aspects

Cited by 76 publications

References 645 publications

Azadirachtin effects on mating success, gametic abnormalities and progeny survival in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera)

Azadirachtin effects on mating success, gametic abnormalities and progeny survival in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera)

Identification of plant compounds that disrupt the insect juvenile hormone receptor complex

Evaluation of Genotoxicity of Lufenuron and Chlorfluazuron Insecticides in Drosophila melanogaster Using a Germ-Line Cell Aneuploidy and Chromosomal Aberrations Test

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