An Overview of Innate Immune Response to Human Rhinovirus Infection

Abstract

Human rhinoviruses (HRV) are mainly associated with catarrh or the common cold and quite possibly cause one of the most unavoidable diseases in human beings. Although the HRV infections of the upper respiratory tract are generally somewhat harmless, there is increasing proof that HRV pave the way for more hazardous infections, promote asthmatic intensifications, and lead to severe diseases in the lower respiratory tract. Respiratory tract epithelial cells are the essential targets for rhinovirus and other respiratory pathogens.In the presence of rhinovirus, respiratory tract epithelial cells mount both supportive of provocative reactions and antiviral natural invulnerable reactions to clear the infection effectively. A portion of antiviral reactions include the expression of interferons (IFNs) and endoplasmic reticulum stress-actuated unfolded protein reaction and autophagy. In patients with chronic (persistent) lung diseases, these reactions may be either imperfect or incited in overabundance prompting insufficient getting free from infection and supported aggravation. In this review, components hidden behind innate antiviral invulnerability and the dysregulation of a portion of these instruments will be examined in patients with chronic lung diseases.