An Overview of Chikungunya Virus Molecular biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention Strategies

Javaid, Anam; Ijaz, Aroosa; Ashfaq, Usman Ali; Arshad, Muhammad; Irshad, Shakeel; Saif, Saira

doi:10.2217/fvl-2019-0166

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…2 real-time PCR identification of viral RNA and serological analysis for the existence of IgM and IgG antibodies forms the basis of laboratory diagnosis of CHIKV infection [3]. Treatment of CHIKV infection involves anti-inflammatory drugs and analgesics, which are inadequate [4]. Despite its increased global and national disease burden, IXCHIQ is the only licensed vaccine and effective antiviral therapy approved by the US FDA to treat or prevent CHIKV infection [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The RNA genome of CHIKV encodes four non-structural proteins (nsP1 to nsP4) that are required for virus replication and three structural proteins (Capsid, E1 and E2) together with two small cleavage products (E3 and 6K). The E1 and E2 glycoproteins regulate the entry of viruses into host cells; E1 is involved in the fusion of the virus with the cell membrane, whereas E2 interacts with the receptors on cells and aids in cell attachment [4,7,8]. The E2 glycoprotein has been identified as the primary target for the anti-CHIKV antibody response throughout the illness [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chikungunya Virus Vaccine: An Update Review

Shaikh,

Faiyazuddin,

Khan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a single-stranded RNA virus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, poses a significant global health threat, with severe complications observed in vulnerable populations. The only licensed vaccine, IXCHIQ, approved by the USFDA, is insufficient to address the growing disease burden, particularly in endemic regions lacking herd immunity. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), explicitly targeting structural proteins E1/E2, demonstrate promise in passive transfer studies, with mouse and human-derived mAbs showing protective efficacy. The article explores various vaccine candidates, including live attenuated, killed, nucleic-acid-based (DNA/RNA), virus-like particle, chimeric, subunit, and adenovirus vectored vaccines. RNA vaccines emerge as promising candidates due to their rapid response capabilities and enhanced safety profile. The review underscores the importance of E1 and E2 proteins as immunogens, emphasising their antigenic potential. Several vaccine candidates, such as CHIKV/IRES, measles vector (MV-CHIK), synthetic DNA-encoded antibodies, and mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccines, demonstrate encouraging preclinical and clinical study results. In addition to identifying potential molecular targets for antiviral therapy, the study looks into the roles played by Toll-like receptors, RIG-I, and NOD-like receptors in the immune response to CHIKV. It also offers insights into novel tactics and promising vaccine candidates.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chikungunya Virus Vaccine: An Update Review

Shaikh,

Faiyazuddin,

Khan

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Currently, this arbovirus is fully adapted to the urban transmission cycle, raising concern in many tropical and temperate regions [18]. Although CHIKV continues to cause significant outbreaks around the world to date, there are no specific antiviral treatments or licensed vaccines against this viral infection [19]. Several antiviral strategies against CHIKV are being evaluated, mainly in vitro, that can affect critical steps of the viral replication cycle, such as binding and entry, viral genome replication, functionality of viral proteins, virion formation, and infectivity [20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Synthetic Peptide GA-Hecate and Its Analogs Inhibit Multiple Steps of the Chikungunya Virus Infection Cycle In Vitro

Ayusso,

da Silva Sanches,

Carvalho

et al. 2023

Pharmaceuticals

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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) belongs to the Alphavirus genus and is responsible for significant outbreaks worldwide. Currently, there is no approved antiviral therapy against CHIKV. Bioactive peptides have great potential for new drug development. Here, we evaluated the antiviral activity of the synthetic peptide GA-Hecate and its analogs PSSct1905 and PSSct1910 against CHIKV infection. Initial screening showed that all three peptides inhibited the CHIKV replication cycle in baby hamster kidney fibroblast cells (BHK-21) and human hepatocarcinoma epithelial cells (Huh-7). GA-Hecate and its analog PSSct1905 were the most active, demonstrating suppression of viral infection by more than 91%. The analog PSSct1905 exhibited a protective effect in cells against CHIKV infection. We also observed that the analogs PSSct1905 and PSSct1910 affected CHIKV entry into both cell lines, inhibiting viral attachment and internalization. Finally, all tested compounds presented antiviral activity on the post-entry steps of CHIKV infection in all cells evaluated. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of the peptide GA-Hecate and its analogs as novel anti-CHIKV compounds targeting different stages of the viral replication cycle, warranting the development of GA-Hecate-based compounds with broad antiviral activity.

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Chikungunya virus vaccine: a decade of progress solving epidemiological dilemma, emerging concepts, and immunological interventions

Shaikh,

Faiyazuddin,

Khan

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a single-stranded RNA virus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, poses a significant global health threat, with severe complications observed in vulnerable populations. The only licensed vaccine, IXCHIQ, approved by the US FDA, is insufficient to address the growing disease burden, particularly in endemic regions lacking herd immunity. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), explicitly targeting structural proteins E1/E2, demonstrate promise in passive transfer studies, with mouse and human-derived mAbs showing protective efficacy. This article explores various vaccine candidates, including live attenuated, killed, nucleic acid-based (DNA/RNA), virus-like particle, chimeric, subunit, and adenovirus vectored vaccines. RNA vaccines have emerged as promising candidates due to their rapid response capabilities and enhanced safety profile. This review underscores the importance of the E1 and E2 proteins as immunogens, emphasizing their antigenic potential. Several vaccine candidates, such as CHIKV/IRES, measles vector (MV-CHIK), synthetic DNA-encoded antibodies, and mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccines, demonstrate encouraging preclinical and clinical results. In addition to identifying potential molecular targets for antiviral therapy, the study looks into the roles played by Toll-like receptors, RIG-I, and NOD-like receptors in the immune response to CHIKV. It also offers insights into novel tactics and promising vaccine candidates. This article discusses potential antiviral targets, the significance of E1 and E2 proteins, monoclonal antibodies, and RNA vaccines as prospective Chikungunya virus vaccine candidates.

show abstract

An Overview of Chikungunya Virus Molecular biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention Strategies

Cited by 4 publications

References 76 publications

Chikungunya Virus Vaccine: An Update Review

Chikungunya Virus Vaccine: An Update Review

The Synthetic Peptide GA-Hecate and Its Analogs Inhibit Multiple Steps of the Chikungunya Virus Infection Cycle In Vitro

Chikungunya virus vaccine: a decade of progress solving epidemiological dilemma, emerging concepts, and immunological interventions

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