An Overview of Angiogenesis in Bladder Cancer

Abstract

Purpose of the Review Angiogenesis plays a key role in bladder cancer (BC) pathogenesis. In the last two decades, an increasing number of publications depicting a multitude of novel angiogenic molecules and pathways have emerged. The growing complexity necessitates an evaluation of the breadth of current knowledge to highlight key findings and guide future research. Recent Findings Angiogenesis is a dynamic biologic process that is inherently difficult to assess. Clinical assessment of angiogenesis in BCs is advancing with the integration of image analysis systems and dynamic contrast-enhanced and magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) significantly influence the angiogenic process, and further research is needed to assess their potential as therapeutic targets. A rapidly growing list of non-coding RNAs affect angiogenesis in BCs, partly through modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activity. Vascular mimicry (VM) has been repeatedly associated with increased tumour aggressiveness in BCs. Standardised assays are needed for appropriate identification and quantification of VM channels. Summary This article demonstrates the dynamic and complex nature of the angiogenic process and asserts the need for further studies to deepen our understanding.

Molecular mechanism of anticancer effect of heat shock protein 90 inhibitor BIIB021 in human bladder cancer cell line

“…To understand the molecular mechanism of the anticancer activity of BIIB021 in bladder cancer cells, the mRNA expressions of the cancer-related genes were investigated by PCR array experiments. ANGPT1 , ANGPT2 , CCL2 , FLT1 , and VEGFC are five important angiogenic genes that play significant roles in blood vessel stabilization and metastases of cancer cells (Kiss and Saharinen 2019 ; Elayat et al 2023 ). ANGPT1 and ANGPT2 are overexpressed in cancer cells, and they contribute to development and progression of cancer.…”

Tumor-derived exosomal miR-1247-3p promotes angiogenesis in bladder cancer by targeting FOXO1

“… 2 Angiogenesis is the main cause of advanced bladder cancer, leading to tumor neovascularization and distant metastasis. 3 With efforts made on angiogenic inhibitors in clinical, the result has not been satisfactory. Thus, it is of necessity to delineate the molecular mechanisms concerning the process of bladder cancer to find potentially novel therapeutic targets.…”