An Outstanding Role of Adipose Tissue in Canine Stem Cell Therapy

Abstract

Adipose tissue, previously known as connective tissue with a role in energy storage, is currently changing the course of treatments in veterinary medicine. Recent studies have revealed one particularly impressive function among all the newly discovered functions of adipose tissue. The interactive cells hosted by adipose tissue, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and their role in treating numerous diseases have provided a prospective course of research with positive outcomes in regenerative veterinary medicine (RVM). This review describes the main features of adipose tissue, emphasizing an eclectic combination of cells within the SVF and its thus far researched therapeutic possibilities in canine RVM. An afterwards focus is on a highly researched component of the SVF, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs), which were shown to have an extraordinary impact relying on several proposed mechanisms of action on mitigating pathologies in canines. Furthermore, ASC therapy showed the most significant results in the orthopaedics field and in neurology, dermatology, ophthalmology, gastroenterology, and hepatology, which elevates the possibilities of ASC therapy to a whole new level. Therefore, this review article aims to raise awareness of the importance of research on cellular components, within abundant and easily accessible adipose tissue, in the direction of regenerative therapy in canines, considering the positive outcomes so far. Although the focus is on the positive aspects of cellular therapy in canines, the researchers should not forget the importance of identifying the potential negative aspects within published and upcoming research. Safe and standardized treatment represents a fundamental prerequisite for positively impacting the lives of canine patients.

Stem Cells in Domestic Animals: Applications in Health and Production

“…Furthermore, the positive OCT-4 expression of SVF cells isolated from periovarian AT demonstrated their pluripotency, indicating them as a valid alternative to ATMSCs for cell therapy in canines. Similar data have been reported by Prislin et al [ 5 ]. As reported by the Authors, canine SVF and ATMSCs treatments provide many benefits, in degenerative orthopedic pathologies, both in skin, bowel, and eye diseases [ 5 ].…”

“…Similar data have been reported by Prislin et al [ 5 ]. As reported by the Authors, canine SVF and ATMSCs treatments provide many benefits, in degenerative orthopedic pathologies, both in skin, bowel, and eye diseases [ 5 ].…”

“…On the other hand, canine and equine species can be considered as both patients and clinical models. As reported by Prislin et al [ 5 ] and Cequier et al [ 6 ] in their reviews, canine and equine MSCs have been used for treating different pathologies, not only regarding the musculoskeletal system; but also involving ophthalmology, reproduction, gastroenterology, metabolic and neurologic disorders, and respiratory and integumentary systems.…”

Two Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem-Cells Injections to Osteoarthritic Elbows in Dogs—Pilot Study

“…In our protocol, three passages (P3) of A-MSCs were made, and every passage was characterized due to the properties of A-MSCs which could vary with each passage [ 177 ]. Cultivated A-MSCs fulfilled the criteria for MSCs according to the International Society for Cellular Therapy, as described in the previous studies [ 191 , 192 ]. Based on that, we have validated using flow-cytometry analysis, where A-MSCs provided a high expression of CD29 (81.5%) and CD44 (77.4%), and a low expression for CD34 (4.3%) and CD45 (4.6%).…”

In vitro aging alters the gene expression and secretome composition of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

“…New approaches in veterinary regenerative medicine instill hope by providing increasing evidence of advancements in treating previously incurable diseases through stem cells (1)(2)(3). The canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAD-MSCs) are a focal point of current research, given the abundance, ease of collection, and higher proliferation rate of AD-MSCs in contrast to alternative mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) resources (4)(5)(6).…”