An Outbreak of Foodborne Salmonellosis in Rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Niehaus, Abraham J.; Apalata, Teke; Coovadia, Yacoob; Smith, Anthony M.; Prashini, Moodley

doi:10.1089/fpd.2010.0749

Cited by 38 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Antimicrobial resistant Salmonella is one of the global problems in present day clinical practices and recently, a strain on the verge of pan-resistance was reported [2]. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the prevalence of MDR Salmonella has increased and outbreaks due to MDR strains were recorded [3-5]. Infections with MDR pathogens are associated with excess morbidity and mortality probably because of the co-selection of traits of drug resistance and virulence [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of the proportion of antimicrobial resistant human Salmonella isolates in Ethiopia

Tadesse

2014

BMC Pharmacol Toxicol

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BackgroundAntimicrobial resistant Salmonella is a global problem and recently, a strain on the verge of pan-resistance was reported. In Ethiopia, the therapeutic management of Salmonellosis is difficult because drug sensitivity tests are not routinely carried out and treatment alternatives are not available in most health care facilities. The objectives of this study were to estimate the temporal changes and proportions of drug resistant isolates in Ethiopia.MethodsPublished studies on drug resistant Salmonella isolates were searched in Medline, Google Scholar and the lists of references of articles. Eligible studies were selected by using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Generic, methodological and statistical information were extracted from the eligible studies. The extracted data included the proportions of ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and multi-drug resistant isolates. Pooled proportions were estimated by a random effects model.ResultsThe odds of multi-drug resistant isolates in the 2000s was higher than before the 1990s (OR =18.86, 95% CI = 13.08, 27.19). The pooled proportions of ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and multi-drug resistant isolates in the 2000s were 86.01%, 68.01%, 62.08%, 3.61% and 79.56% respectively. S. Concord (>97%) was resistant to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone.ConclusionThe proportion of drug resistant isolates has increased since the 1970s. All drugs currently used for the treatment of Salmonellosis but ciprofloxacin are not reliable for an empirical therapy. Alternative drugs should be included in the essential drug list and measures should be taken to re-enforce the drug use policy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analysis of the proportion of antimicrobial resistant human Salmonella isolates in Ethiopia

Tadesse

2014

BMC Pharmacol Toxicol

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“…In South Africa, the MDG (Millennium Development Goals) 2013 report pointed out that some 3-5 million people still depend on untreated water from rivers and springs (UN, 2013). An epidemiological study by Niehaus et al (2011), following an outbreak of food-borne salmonellosis after a school function in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, reported that Salmonella enteritidis isolated from patients and food samples could not be distinguished phenotypically and genotypically. The authors suggested a point-source as the origin of the outbreak, with a possibility of continued transmission through the water supply.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characterization of <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Shigella</i> spp. isolates recovered from water and riverbed sediment of the Apies River, South Africa

Ekwanzala

Abia

Keshri

et al. 2017

WSA

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Riverbed sediment is a vital component of river ecosystems and plays an important role in many geomorphological and ecological processes. However, when re-suspension occurs, pathogenic bacteria associated with sediment particles may be released into the water column, thus creating a health risk to those who use such water for drinking, household and recreational purposes. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of bacterial pathogens Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. in the Apies River and to ascertain whether there was any level of genetic relatedness between river water and riverbed sediment isolates of these pathogenic bacteria. A total of 124 water and sediment samples were collected from a site located on the Apies Rivers upstream of the Daspoort Wastewater Treatment Works, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa, between August and November 2014. In order to detect and identify the target bacteria, samples were analysed by culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques (quantitative real-time PCR). Genetic relatedness was established using Sanger sequencing of the invA gene of Salmonella spp. and ipaH of Shigella spp. Results of this study displayed the presence of the target bacteria both in the water and sediment of the river. The phylogenetic tree of Salmonella spp. revealed a ≥ 99% and 99% genetic relatedness between river water and riverbed sediment isolates for Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp., respectively. The degree of genetic relatedness between sediment and water pathogen isolates suggests that these organisms could possibly have a common origin and that there could be possible movement of microorganisms between the water column and the sediments.

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“…Salmonella Enteritidis generally causes human illness with typical symptoms including fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps within 12-72 h after ingestion of contaminated food (CDC, 2010). However, only 3% of Salmonella-related foodborne disease is confirmed and reported to surveillance systems (Niehaus et al, 2011). On May 30, 2013, 96 patients from the same company in Ningbo, China acquired gastroenteritis and sought medical advice in local hospitals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Enteritidis Isolates Associated with a Mousse Cake–Related Outbreak of Gastroenteritis in Ningbo, China

Zhou

Song

et al. 2015

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease

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Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis) is a major pathogen responsible for causing the largest number of sporadic cases and outbreaks of human salmonellosis worldwide. In this study, an outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis involving 112 cases in Ningbo, China was investigated with a combination of genotypic subtyping methods and phenotypic analysis. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis profiles showed that most of the outbreak clinical isolates (22/23) were indistinguishable from each other and were identical to the isolates obtained from implicated mousse cakes, demonstrating that this outbreak of gastroenteritis was caused by Salmonella Enteritidis-contaminated mousse cakes. Moreover, all isolates, irrespective of source, had an identical antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Five virulence-associated genes in Salmonella pathogenicity islands and the plasmid-associated virulence genes spvB/C were present in both the food and clinical isolates. Importantly, all of these isolates can survive well under low-temperature treatment, indicating that manufacturers of foodstuffs with raw ingredients (not subjected to thermal processing) should use an effective approach to prevent or eliminate the microbial hazards to public health.

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An Outbreak of Foodborne Salmonellosis in Rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Abstract: The results suggest a foodborne Salmonella Enteritidis outbreak due to contaminated food served at the school function. Epidemiological investigations continue to be extremely difficult in rural areas.

Cited by 38 publications

References 9 publications

A meta-analysis of the proportion of antimicrobial resistant human Salmonella isolates in Ethiopia

A meta-analysis of the proportion of antimicrobial resistant human Salmonella isolates in Ethiopia

Genetic characterization of <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Shigella</i> spp. isolates recovered from water and riverbed sediment of the Apies River, South Africa

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Enteritidis Isolates Associated with a Mousse Cake–Related Outbreak of Gastroenteritis in Ningbo, China

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