An outbreak of acute hepatitis A among young adult men: clinical features and <scp>HIV</scp> coinfection rate from a large teaching hospital in Rome, Italy

Ciccullo, Arturo; Gagliardini, Roberta; Baldin, Gianmaria; Borghetti, Alberto; Moschese, Davide; Emiliozzi, Arianna; Lombardi, Francesca; Ricci, Roberta; Speziale, Domenico; Pallavicini, Federica; Giambenedetto, Simona Di

doi:10.1111/hiv.12597

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Germany (n=9) (16, 29, 32, 34, 37, 52, 56, 59, 62), Spain (n=8) (43-45, 48, 61, 63-65), Italy (n=6) (33, 36, 40, 46, 47, 58, 60) and Greece (n=5) (28, 42, 50, 51, 54, 55) were the countries that most frequently reported outbreaks involving migrants between 2000 and 2020. Two thirds (n=6) of included outbreaks in Germany affected refugee or asylum-seeking populations, mostly in temporary camps, 78% (n=7) were measles outbreaks and all but one were reported in 2010 or later.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eight papers included in this review reported on hepatitis A outbreaks involving migrants. Two papers reported on outbreaks occurring in Germany (24, 34), two in Spain (25, 43), two in Greece (28, 42) and one each in Ireland (41) and Italy (40). A total of 1,510 cases of hepatitis A were reported as part of outbreaks involving migrants, of which 1,322 (87.5%) occurred after January 2015.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Migration and Outbreaks of Vaccine-Preventable Disease in Europe: A Systematic Review

Deal

Halliday

Crawshaw

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundMigrant populations (defined as foreign-born) are one of several under-immunised groups in the EU/EEA, yet little is known about how they are affected by outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). This information is vital to develop targeted strategies to improve the health of diverse migrant communities and to assess risk factors and correlations with major European peaks in incidence of key VPDs over time.MethodsWe did a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42019157473; Medline, EMBASE, and Global Health January 2000 to October 2019) adhering to PRISMA guidelines, to identify studies on VPD outbreaks (measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, pertussis, polio, hepatitis A, N meningitidis, and H influenzae) in migrants residing in the EU/EEA and Switzerland.Results45 studies were included, reporting on 47 distinct VPD outbreaks across 13 countries (26 [55%] were reported between 2010 and 2020, including 16 [34%] since 2015). Most reported outbreaks involving migrants were of measles (n=24; 6578 total cases), followed by varicella (n=11; 596 cases), hepatitis A (n=7; 1510 cases), rubella (n=3; 487 cases) and mumps (n=2; 295 cases). 19 (40%) of outbreaks, predominantly varicella and measles, were reported in temporary camps or shelters for asylum seekers and refugees. Of 11 varicella outbreaks, 82% were associated with adult migrants. Half of measles outbreaks (n=12) were associated with migrants from Eastern European countries, often involving migrants of Roma ethnicity.ConclusionsMigrants represent one of several under-immunised groups involved in VPD outbreaks in Europe, with adult and child refugees and asylum seekers residing in shelters or temporary camps at particular risk, alongside specific nationality groups. Vulnerability varies by disease, setting, and individual demographics, highlighting the importance of tailoring strategies for implementing catch-up vaccination to specific groups, alongside the strengthening of routine data collection, in order to meet regional and global vaccination targets. Better understanding vaccine uptake and demand issues in migrant groups, and reducing the barriers they face to accessing vaccination services, is urgently needed, with direct implications for COVID-19 vaccine delivery at the current time. Strengthening vaccine delivery to migrant populations will require a greater focus on co-designing vaccine uptake strategies in close collaboration with affected communities.FunderNIHR

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration and Outbreaks of Vaccine-Preventable Disease in Europe: A Systematic Review

Deal

Halliday

Crawshaw

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Germany (n=9) (18,31,34,36,39,54,58,61,64), Spain (n=8) (45-47, 50, 63, 65-67), Italy (n=6) (35,38,42,48,49,60,62) and Greece (n=5) (30,44,52,53,56,57) were the countries that most frequently reported outbreaks involving migrants between 2000 and 2020. Two thirds (n=6) of included outbreaks in Germany affected refugee or asylum-seeking populations, mostly in temporary camps, 78% (n=7) were measles outbreaks and all but one were reported in 2010 or later.…”

Section: Geographical Distribution Of Vpds: Spatial Mapping Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration and outbreaks of vaccine-preventable disease in Europe: a systematic review

Deal

Halliday

Crawshaw

et al. 2021

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

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“…Up to now, most of the cases were connected with the consumption of contaminated water or food; virtually any food can be contaminated with HAV, especially food that is not properly heated after contamination (Lin et al., 2017). Low socioeconomic conditions and poor sanitation are considered to be important risk factors of infection (Ciccullo et al, 2018; Lin et al, 2017). The last outbreak in Europe and North America once again revealed that HAV should be considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI) via oral–anal sex, but also digito–anal and genito–oral sex.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The last outbreak in Europe and North America once again revealed that HAV should be considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI) via oral–anal sex, but also digito–anal and genito–oral sex. Due to these sexual activities, men who have sex with men (MSM) are known to be a high-risk group (Boucher et al, 2018; Ciccullo et al, 2018; Lin et al, 2017; Ndumbi et al, 2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Hepatitis A Outbreak Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Krakow, Poland; February 2017–February 2018

et al. 2019

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Since February 2017 in Poland, an increasing number of acute hepatitis A (AHA) cases have been reported; a noteworthy increase to 3,072 cases of AHA in 2017 compared to 35 cases in 2016 was reported by the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH). The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic features, clinical manifestations, laboratory results, and sexually transmitted coinfections. All cases of AHA diagnosed between February 2017 and February 2018 at the University Hospital in Krakow were analyzed. A total of 119 cases of hepatitis A virus (HAV) were reported; 105 (88%) were males and 14 (12%) were females, with a mean age 31 years (range 19–62). In 84 patients (71%), the HAV was transmitted by oral–anal sexual contact between men. Six women were infected by close house contact with men infected with HAV. The route of transmission was not identified for 29 cases, and 88 patients (74%) required hospitalization. Among the cases, the following coinfections were already diagnosed: HIV 36 patients (30%), chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) 4 patients (3%), and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) 2 patients (1.5%). During AHA diagnosis, some new sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were detected; syphilis eight patients (6.7%), HIV/syphilis seven patients (6%), HIV//HCV/syphilis one patient, and acute retroviral syndrome/ Shigella flexneri one patient. Overall, AHA outbreak in Poland in 2017 affected primarily men who have sex with men (MSM) and was connected with oral–anal sexual contacts, and the majority of patients did not have HAV vaccination. These results show a clear need for routinely offering HAV vaccination to at-risk populations and that awareness among health-care workers about HAV sexual transmission may help introduce prevention methods.

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An outbreak of acute hepatitis A among young adult men: clinical features and HIV coinfection rate from a large teaching hospital in Rome, Italy

Abstract: In 2016-2017, we saw a rise in the number of hepatitis A cases, with a higher prevalence of adult male patients. No significant differences regarding the prevalence of HIV coinfection emerged.

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Migration and Outbreaks of Vaccine-Preventable Disease in Europe: A Systematic Review

Migration and Outbreaks of Vaccine-Preventable Disease in Europe: A Systematic Review

Migration and outbreaks of vaccine-preventable disease in Europe: a systematic review

Acute Hepatitis A Outbreak Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Krakow, Poland; February 2017–February 2018

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