An Ordered Comparative Map of the Cattle and Human Genomes

Abstract

A cattle-human whole-genome comparative map was constructed using parallel radiation hybrid (RH) mapping in conjunction with EST sequencing, database mining for unmapped cattle genes, and a predictive bioinformatics approach (COMPASS) for targeting specific homologous regions. A total of 768 genes were placed on the RH map in addition to 319 microsatellites used as anchor markers. Of these, 638 had human orthologs with mapping data, thus permitting construction of an ordered comparative map. The large number of ordered loci revealed ը 105 conserved segments between the two genomes. The comparative map suggests that 41 translocation events, a minimum of 54 internal rearrangements, and repositioning of all but one centromere can account for the observed organizations of the cattle and human genomes. In addition, the COMPASS in silico mapping tool was shown to be 95% accurate in its ability to predict cattle chromosome location from random sequence data, demonstrating this tool to be valuable for efficient targeting of specific regions for detailed mapping. The comparative map generated will be a cornerstone for elucidating mammalian chromosome phylogeny and the identification of genes of agricultural importance. "Ought we, for instance, to begin by discussing each separate species-in virtue of some common element of their nature, and proceed from this as a basis for the consideration of them separately?" from Aristotle, On the Parts of Animals, 350 B.C.E.

A higher resolution radiation hybrid map of bovine chromosome 13

“…Apart from the BMS1669 microsatellite, the linear locus order of the 16 framework markers is in agreement with four linkage maps [4,9,20,23], the two RH 5 000 maps [3,18] as well as findings from physical assignments [8,19]. Except for EST BE217508, all loci that constitute the RH 12 000 framework map are members of linkage group 1 at a lod score level of 5.0 (Tab.…”

“…This panel has been extensively used for the construction of single chromosome specific framework maps (e.g. [2,14]) and a map of the entire cattle genome [3].…”

“…The RH 5 000 map for BTA13 [18] as well as the whole genome map [3] are limited in the number of markers included. The BTA13 specific RH 5 000 map [18] includes 27 markers of which 11 are type I loci, while the bovine whole genome RH map contains a total of 37 markers on BTA13, comprising 29 type I and eight type II markers [3].…”

“…The BTA13 specific RH 5 000 map [18] includes 27 markers of which 11 are type I loci, while the bovine whole genome RH map contains a total of 37 markers on BTA13, comprising 29 type I and eight type II markers [3]. Thus, although the RH map of Band and coworkers [3] locates a considerable number of genes and ESTs on BTA13, these type I are poorly embedded in a microsatellite framework, whereas in the map by Schläpfer and coworkers [18] the microsatellite framework is sound but the type I content should be improved.…”

Cattle genomics and its implications for future nutritional strategies for dairy cattle

“…Whereas somatic cell hybrid maps and cross-species chromosome painting with the human and other species DNA probes have provided an important but patched correspondence between the cattle, human, mouse and pig genomes (Womack and Moll, 1986;Hayes, 1995;Chowdhary et al, 1996;Schmitz et al, 1998), the real breakthrough in cattle comparative studies began with the introduction of high-resolution ordered radiation hybrid maps (Band et al, 2000;Everts-van der Wind et al, 2004 and. The cattle genome was assembled to chromosomes using IL-TX RH map at Baylor College of Medicine (Btau_4.0) and BCCRC (British Columbia Cancer Research Center)-integrated fingerprint map at the University of Maryland (UMD 3.1).…”