An observational cohort study on antimicrobial usage on dairy farms in Quebec, Canada

Lardé, Hélène; Dufour, Simon; Archambault, Marie; Massé, Jonathan; Roy, Jean-Philippe; Francoz, David

doi:10.3168/jds.2020-18848

Cited by 31 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The research protocol was approved prior to initiating the research by the Animal Use Ethics Committee of the Université de Montréal (Protocol 16-Rech-1859). The complete protocol describing sample size calculation, exclusion criteria, recruitment of participants, and method used to avoid selection bias is available elsewhere (14). Briefly, dairy farms from a random list of dairies in three regions of Québec province were solicited for participation by telephone between January and March 2017.…”

Section: Selection Of Herds and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Characteristics of Escherichia coli Isolates From Fecal and Manure Pit Samples on Dairy Farms in the Province of Québec, Canada

et al. 2021

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important burden for public health and veterinary medicine. For Québec (Canada) dairy farms, the prevalence of AMR is mostly described using passive surveillance, which may be misleading. In addition, the presence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC producing Escherichia coli is unknown. This observational cross-sectional study used random dairy farms (n = 101) to investigate AMR and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC producing Escherichia coli. Twenty antimicrobials were tested on E. coli isolates (n = 593) recovered from fecal samples (n = 599) from calves, cows, and the manure pit. Isolates were mostly susceptible (3% AMR or less) to the highest priority critically important antimicrobials in humans. The highest levels of AMR were to tetracycline (26%), sulfisozaxole (23%) and streptomycin (19%). The resistance genes responsible for these resistances were, respectively: tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, sul3, aph(3”)-Ib (strA), aph(6)-Id (strB), aadA1, aadA2, and aadA5. ESBL analysis revealed two predominant phenotypes: AmpC (51%) and ESBL (46%) where blaCMY−2 and blaCTX−M(blaCTX−M−1, blaCTX−M−15, and blaCTX−M−55) were the genes responsible for these phenotypes, respectively. During this study, 85% of farms had at least one ESBL/AmpC producing E. coli. Isolates from calves were more frequently resistant than those from cows or manure pits. Although prevalence of AMR was low for critically important antimicrobials, there was a high prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli on Quebec dairy farms, particularly in calves. Those data will help determine a baseline for AMR to evaluate impact of initiatives aimed at reducing AMR.

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Section: Selection Of Herds and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Characteristics of Escherichia coli Isolates From Fecal and Manure Pit Samples on Dairy Farms in the Province of Québec, Canada

et al. 2021

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“…Results could have been different in remote regions where veterinary services are sparse, with a small number of veterinarians per facility, or with smaller farms. Some authors showed a positive association between herd size and the AMU rates [8,39] meaning these rates were observed to be higher in larger herds. However, it is expected that the VET method would perform as well in the entire Québec province as in our sample, because Vet-Expert software is used uniformly in the province.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drug packaging was collected in a dedicated garbage can, which was placed on each farm (10 visits planed par farm over one year), and a thorough inventory of products containing antimicrobials was performed over one year [8]. This method was considered in our study as the reference method since it can be generalized to different countries and settings.…”

Section: Garbage Can Audit (Reference Method Ref)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We collected drug packaging used on each farm of the project in a dedicated garbage can, and we performed a thorough inventory of products containing antimicrobials per farm over one year [8].…”

Section: Garbage Can Audit Refmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dairy farms were excluded if: (i) replacement animals were not raised on the farm or some animals were kept in a barn shared with cattle from another farm; (ii) a cessation of activity was planned in the coming 12 months; or (iii) the farm was already recruited in a pilot stage for the current project (i.e., for questionnaire development). The possibility of a selection bias was quantified, and a detailed description of the recruitment was provided by Lardé et al [8]. Demographic information of the 101 farms is presented in Table S2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Quantification Methods to Estimate Farm-Level Usage of Antimicrobials Other than in Medicated Feed in Dairy Farms from Québec, Canada

et al. 2021

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The objective of the study was to compare three quantification methods to a “garbage can audit” (reference method, REF) for monitoring antimicrobial usage (AMU) from products other than medicated feed over one year in 101 Québec dairy farms. Data were collected from veterinary invoices (VET method), from the “Amélioration de la Santé Animale au Québec” provincial program (GOV method), and from farm treatment records (FARM method). The AMU rate was reported in a number of Canadian Defined Course Doses for cattle (DCDbovCA) per 100 cow-years. Electronic veterinary sales data were obtained for all farms for VET and GOV methods. For the FARM method, a herd management software was used by 68% of producers whereas farm treatment records were handwritten for the others; records could not be retrieved in 4% of farms. Overall, agreement was almost perfect between REF and VET methods (concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) = 0.83), but moderate between REF and GOV (CCC = 0.44), and between REF and FARM (CCC = 0.51). Only a fair or slight agreement was obtained between any alternative method of quantification and REF for oral and intrauterine routes. The billing software used by most of Québec’s dairy veterinary practitioners seems promising in terms of surveillance and benchmarking of AMU in the province.

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Antimicrobial use and its association with the isolation of and antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. recovered from fecal samples from Canadian dairy herds: A cross-sectional study

Fonseca

Heider

Stryhn

et al. 2023

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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An observational cohort study on antimicrobial usage on dairy farms in Quebec, Canada

Cited by 31 publications

References 30 publications

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Characteristics of Escherichia coli Isolates From Fecal and Manure Pit Samples on Dairy Farms in the Province of Québec, Canada

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance and Characteristics of Escherichia coli Isolates From Fecal and Manure Pit Samples on Dairy Farms in the Province of Québec, Canada

Comparison of Quantification Methods to Estimate Farm-Level Usage of Antimicrobials Other than in Medicated Feed in Dairy Farms from Québec, Canada

Antimicrobial use and its association with the isolation of and antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. recovered from fecal samples from Canadian dairy herds: A cross-sectional study

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