An investigation on spray cooling using saline water with experimental verification

Sadafi, Hosein; Ruiz, Sara González; Vetrano, Maria Rosaria; Jahn, Ingo; Beeck, Jeroen van; Buchlin, Jean‐Marie; Hooman, Kamel

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2015.11.025

Cited by 50 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Therefore, the arrangement with the best cooling efficiency has not necessarily the shortest wet length. According to the obtained results in the current study and the ones reported in [4], different nozzle arrangements have a weak influence on wet length compared to ambient and initial conditions including: gas temperature, relative humidity, velocity, droplet size, and water mass flow rate. The presence of a dry stream is a complex interaction between the evaporation process, which affects the droplet mass and the droplet falling velocity relative to the free-stream, which is highly dependent on localised fluid flow [23].…”

Section: Numerical Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…6. Validation of the model for (a) volume of single saline water droplet with 3% initial concentration at 24 o C [3], and (b) D 32 of the spray 5 mm from the nozzle with the half angle of 40 o and saline water with 3% initial NaCl concentration at 23 o C and 58% relative humidity [4].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a subsequent study, Sadafi et al verified their CFD model against their experimental results obtained from a Phase Doppler Interferometry (PDI) study. They showed that in a spray, large droplets push the smaller ones to the middle of the flow [4]. Considering the design parameters (those which can be changed by the designer), the authors presented two dimensionless correlations to predict the wet length and cooling efficiency of a full cone nozzle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nozzle arrangement effect on cooling performance of saline water spray cooling

Sadafi

Jahn

Hooman

2016

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Highlights Nozzle arrangements providing more uniform cooled area achieve an improved performance.  Efficient nozzle arrangement may improve the cooling efficiency of natural draft cooling towers by 2.9%.  For all arrangements in this study, a dry stream forms before 2.26 m from the nozzles. The nozzle arrangement does not influence the wet length significantly.ABSTRACT: Hybrid cooling is a promising technology to improve the performance of natural draft dry cooling towers. This article presents a computational fluid dynamics study analysing the use of saline water in a spray assisted natural draft dry cooling tower. A multicomponent Discrete Phase Model in ANSYS FLUENT is modified, using the porosity and final shape of dried crystals, and applied for the simulation of solid containing droplets in a spray. To investigate the influence of nozzle arrangements on cooling performance of the sprays, a group of arrangements using six cone nozzles are considered, and the most efficient arrangement is presented. This paper provides new fundamental understanding in the area of saline spray cooling, and shows that nozzle arrangement may improve the cooling efficiency by 2.9%.

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Section: Numerical Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nozzle arrangement effect on cooling performance of saline water spray cooling

Sadafi

Jahn

Hooman

2016

Applied Thermal Engineering

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“…Dry cooling system typically required a large-sized area to occupy, so dry cooling systems may not be applicable if space is limited or the heat sources are potentially moving. Wet systems can be more feasible and the cooling effectiveness of evaporative cooling is generally higher than direct dry air cooling [3][4][5][6][7], so wet systems are more appropriate for this occasion. However, wet systems require large amount of purified water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization on segmentation spraying for cooling a moving source at high temperature in a confined space

Zhi

Zhang

et al. 2019

E3S Web Conf.

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Heavy trucks, train carriages, and other moving vehicles with heating sources, are often loaded into a confined space for parking and maintenance. When the heating source from the vehicle is at high temperature, spray cooling using nozzles can be applied for at least two purposes. First, to further decrease the temperature of the surrounding areas. Second, to flush the surfaces of the vehicle as a primary cleansing method. To reduce water consumption, the number and positions of the running nozzles along the way need to be adjusted and optimized according to the position of the moving vehicle. To achieve that, the optimization of a segmented control method for the nozzles is discussed using both theoretical and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods in this paper. 120 ~ 240 nozzles in total were uniformly and linearly distributed on the ceiling of a 120m-long narrow space. The space between two adjacent nozzles are set at 0.5m, 0.7m and 1.0m, respectively. All the nozzles are divided into one to ten groups for segmentation control. One 35m-long vehicle with a heating source at over 800 K was moving at 0.05 m/s to 0.20 m/s. The results showed that, first, for one spraying group, at least 39 running nozzles were needed to minimize the areas of interior structure at temperature > 350K. Second, the water consumption can be reduced dramatically by increasing the number of groups. However, when dividing into more than six groups, the capacity of water saving is no longer significant. Third, when the vehicle is entering, multiple- group of running nozzles are needed to overcome the sudden heating source at high temperature.

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“…Sadafi [10] presented in a paper the scanned electron microscopy results showing different crystal structures ( Figure 3) that are formed due to different evaporation rates by varying the ambient temperatures. fast evaporation [10] Sadafi [11] conducted a study to partially verify their CFD simulations of a single spray of saline water in a wind tunnel. It was found that saline water sprays could decrease the temperature of the incoming air by up to 13.5°C in the middle of the spray stream at a distance of 2m from the nozzle, however as the distance from the nozzle increased, the minimum temperature decreases and the affected area increases as shown in Figure 4.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation on spray cooling using saline water for natural draft dry cooling towers

Nel¹

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No contributions by others Statement of parts of the thesis submitted to qualify for the award of another degree None Research Involving Human or Animal Subjects No animal or human subjects were involved in this research vii Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge the Australian Government for providing me with the opportunity to complete this study through the Research Training program and providing financial support through Australian Solar Thermal Research Initiative This thesis could not be completed without the supervision provided by Associate Professor Kamel Hooman and Dr Zhiqiang Guan, who provided guidance and support throughout the development of the thesis for which I am grateful. I appreciate the critical reviews at each milestone provided by the review committee of which Dr David Gildfind was the chair. I would also like to thank other staff and students at the QGECE, Prof Hal Gurgenci, Xiaoxiao Li, Yubiao Sun, Jianyong Wang, Peixin Dong, and Yuchen Dai for the inputs and discussions surrounding our various research topics. A special thanks to Dr Yuanshen Lu and Dr Iman Ashtiani Abdi for their assistance and input at various stages of the thesis especially during the setup phase of the experiments with the help of our technical staff Mr. Berto Di Pasquale.

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An investigation on spray cooling using saline water with experimental verification

Cited by 50 publications

References 16 publications

Nozzle arrangement effect on cooling performance of saline water spray cooling

Nozzle arrangement effect on cooling performance of saline water spray cooling

Optimization on segmentation spraying for cooling a moving source at high temperature in a confined space

Experimental investigation on spray cooling using saline water for natural draft dry cooling towers

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