Introduction 1.1 Background and motivationThe upper limb of the human body plays a vital role in our day to day life. It is an essential part of the body to maintain a good quality of life (QoL). Any injury or weakness in the upper limb can result in unsatisfactory living conditions leading to mental and additional physical illnesses. We perform many small yet fundamental tasks such as navigation inside a building by opening and closing doorknobs, lifting objects, typing, changing clothes, taking a shower, holding phones to talk and more using our upper limb. Therefore, disorders in the upper limb of patients and older adults can adversely affect their QoL. Frequently performing physically demanding activities often leads to wearing down of the muscles in our body, which in turn, makes regular performance in day to day activities difficult and time taking due to successive pain and numbness. Other reasons for similar irregularity in muscular functioning may also result from repetitive motions involved in sports such as tennis, badminton, cricket and others. The upper limb comprises of three joints, namely the wrist, elbow and shoulder.These are very complicated joints when it comes to recovery and rehabilitation. Besides, the complexity of the wrist joint often makes it challenging to design a rehabilitation or assistive device. Additionally, the wrist dynamics play a significant role in the decisions Recent researches in the field of haptic technology mainly focus on replication of haptic properties of objects by simulating the contact of user's fingertips with different types of surfaces or textures [64,65]. Interaction with objects have force effects on the wrist or the forearm of the user, but such effects are not yet thoroughly studied. A conventional table-top force-feedback device, Phantom [48] could render such forces on the user's forearm. However, due to its grounded configuration, it can be utilized only for stationary applications. Another approach for realizing force-feedback effects on the forearm was using SPIDAR [66] and SPIDAR-W [67], the prior being grounded