An Inductive Conductivity Meter for Monitoring the Salinity of Dialysis Water

Diamond, J.M.

doi:10.1109/tbme.1970.4502708

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Taking the first transmitting mode upper outside the MBG as the salinity detecting scheme, it has a larger sensing range when compared with that by detecting the defective resonance. In order to enhance the quasi-quality factor of the transmission modes outside the MBG frequency band, which can be defined using Equation (11) as well, the number of the layers for the defective MPC is increased to 15. The transmittance spectra at different salt concentrations are calculated by using TMM for lossy medium, as shown in Figure 6.…”

Section: Salinity Sensoring Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, there have been many physical techniques reported to measure the salinity of aqueous solutions, such as the electrical conductivity measurement [11][12][13], optical sensing [14][15][16][17][18], ultrasonic velocity measurement [19], and microwave sensing [20][21][22][23]. The measuring and sensing principles are based on the dependence of conductivity, refractive index, or microwave dielectric properties on the salinity of aqueous solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Defective Microwave Photonic Crystals for Salinity Detection

Zhu

Yang

2021

Coatings

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In this paper, defective microwave photonic crystals (MPCs) are designed to sense the salinity of aqueous solutions. The defective MPC sensors are constructed by two kinds of microwave dielectric layers and one defective salt solution layer. Transfer matrix method (TMM) for lossy medium is developed to calculate the transmittance spectra of the sensors. It is found that the peak transmittance of both the defective resonance within the microwave band gap (MBG) and transmitting modes outside the MBG monotonously decrease with the increase of salinity, while the resonant and transmitting mode frequencies remain unchanged. By comparing the four MPC sensor structures, the first transmitting mode in the upper frequency band outside the MBG of the 15-layer MPC sensor has the largest salinity sensing range from 0 to 40‰ with relative stable detecting sensitivity. The sensing principle is based on the fact that the dielectric loss factor of saline solution is much more sensitive to salinity than the dielectric constant in the microwave frequency band. The sensitivity, quality factor, and salinity detection range of the MPC sensors are calculated and compared. The reported defective MPC sensors are suitable to be used for non-contact salinity detection.

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Section: Salinity Sensoring Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defective Microwave Photonic Crystals for Salinity Detection

Zhu

Yang

2021

Coatings

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“…Measurements of conductivity by induction in a noncontact, proximity mode is a well-understood approach [60][61][62][63][64][65]. Unfortunately, it suffers from the impossibility of intrinsic correction for temperature effects.…”

Section: Operation Principle Of Passive Multivariable Rfid Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

RFID sensors as the common sensing platform for single-use biopharmaceutical manufacturing

Potyrailo

Surman

Monk

et al. 2011

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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The lack of reliable single-use sensors prevents the biopharmaceutical industry from fully embracing single-use biomanufacturing processes. Sensors based on the same detection platform for all critical parameters in single-use bioprocess components would be highly desirable to significantly simplify their installation, calibration and operation. We review here our approach for passive radio-frequency identification (RFID)-based sensing that does not rely on costly proprietary RFID memory chips with an analog input but rather implements ubiquitous passive 13.56 MHz RFID tags as inductively coupled sensors with at least 16 bit resolution provided by a sensor reader. The developed RFID sensors combine several measured parameters from the resonant sensor antenna with multivariate data analysis and deliver unique capability of multiparameter sensing and rejection of environmental interferences with a single sensor. This general sensing approach provides an elegant solution for both analytical measurement and identification and documentation of the measured location.

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“…Non‐contact measurements of conductivity by induction are well known32–35 but they suffer from the impossibility of measurements of multiple environmental parameters of interest with a single sensor. To selectively detect several environmental parameters with a single RFID sensor, the real Z re ( f ) and imaginary Z im ( f ) parts of the impedance spectra are measured from the resonant sensor antenna and at least four spectral parameters are calculated (see Figure 2C).…”

Section: Operation Principle Of Passive Multivariable Rfid Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive multivariable temperature and conductivity RFID sensors for single‐use biopharmaceutical manufacturing components

Potyrailo

Wortley²,

Surman

et al. 2011

Biotechnology Progress

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Single-use biopharmaceutical manufacturing requires monitoring of critical manufacturing parameters. We have developed an approach for passive radio-frequency identification (RFID)-based sensing that converts ubiquitous passive 13.56 MHz RFID tags into inductively coupled sensors. We combine several measured parameters from the resonant sensor antenna with multivariate data analysis and deliver unique capability of multiparameter sensing and rejection of environmental interferences with a single sensor. We demonstrate here the integration of these RFID sensors into single-use biopharmaceutical manufacturing components. We have tested these sensors for over 500 h for measurements of temperature and solution conductivity with the accuracy of 0.1°C (32-48°C range) and accuracy of 0.3-2.9 mS/cm (0.5-230 mS/cm range). We further demonstrate simultaneous temperature and conductivity measurements with an individual RFID sensor with the accuracy of 0.2°C (5-60°C range) and accuracy of 0.9 mS/cm (0.5-183 mS/cm range). Developed RFID sensors provide several important features previously unavailable from other single-use sensing technologies such as the same sensor platform for measurements of physical, chemical, and biological parameters; multi-parameter monitoring with individual sensors; and simultaneous digital identification.

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An Inductive Conductivity Meter for Monitoring the Salinity of Dialysis Water

Cited by 18 publications

References 4 publications

Defective Microwave Photonic Crystals for Salinity Detection

Defective Microwave Photonic Crystals for Salinity Detection

RFID sensors as the common sensing platform for single-use biopharmaceutical manufacturing

Passive multivariable temperature and conductivity RFID sensors for single‐use biopharmaceutical manufacturing components

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