An Increase in Infant Cranial Deformity with Supine Sleeping Position

Argenta, Louis C.; David, Lisa R.; Wilson, John A.; Bell, William O.

doi:10.1097/00001665-199601000-00005

Cited by 289 publications

(186 citation statements)

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“…In recent years, the "Back to Sleep" guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics for the prevention of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) have been implemented extensively (Syndrom, 2005) (Moon et al, 2004). While successful in decreasing SIDS, an increasing percentage of plagiocephaly and flattened skulls have been reported as a results of the supine sleep position encouraged by this program (Argenta et al, 1996, Hutchison et al, 2003, Hutchison et al, 2004, Hummel and Fortado, 2005. These specific skull alterations and their possible influence on parcellation techniques must be considered in future attempts to analyze regional brain volumes in preterm and fullterm infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This procedure affects the head shape of term and preterm infants similarly, but to a different extent (Largo and Duc, 1978). The resulting shape is correlated to the head and sleep position, which lead to either parietal or occipital flattening of the head (Baum and Searls, 1971, Largo and Duc, 1978, Argenta et al, 1996. Certain secondary conditions, which are common in preterm infants, promote the effect of the external compression, such as neurological deficits or immaturity, which reduces the muscle tone to spontaneously change head position, lack of full bone mineralization and prolonged time periods in the same position (Cartlidge and Rutter, 1988, Hemingway and Oliver, 2000, Hummel and Fortado, 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Displacement of brain regions in preterm infants with non-synostotic dolichocephaly investigated by MRI

Mewes

Zöllei

Hüppi³

et al. 2007

NeuroImage

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Regional investigations of newborn MRI are important to understand the appearance and consequences of early brain injury. Previously, regionalization in neonates has been achieved with a Talairach parcellation, using internal landmarks of the brain. Non-synostotic dolichocephaly defines a bi-temporal narrowing of the preterm infant's head caused by pressure on the immature skull. The impact of dolichocephaly on brain shape and regional brain shift, which may compromise the validity of the parcellation scheme, has not yet been investigated. Twenty-four preterm and 20 fullterm infants were scanned at term equivalent. Skull shapes were investigated by cephalometric measurements and population registration. Brain tissue volumes were calculated to rule out brain injury underlying skull shape differences. The position of Talairach landmarks was evaluated. Cortical structures were segmented to determine a positional shift between both groups. The preterm group displayed dolichocephalic head shapes and had similar brain volumes compared to the mesocephalic fullterm group. In preterm infants, Talairach landmarks were consistently positioned relative to each other and to the skull base, but were displaced with regard to the calvarium. The frontal and superior region was enlarged; central and temporal gyri and sulci were shifted comparing preterm and fullterm infants. We found that in healthy preterm infants, dolichocephaly led to a shift of cortical structures, but did not influence deep brain structures. We concluded that the validity of a Talairach parcellation scheme is compromised and may lead to a miscalculation of regional brain volumes and inconsistent parcel contents when comparing infant populations with divergent head shapes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Displacement of brain regions in preterm infants with non-synostotic dolichocephaly investigated by MRI

Mewes

Zöllei

Hüppi³

et al. 2007

NeuroImage

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“…8 This increase in deformations has been temporally linked to the Back to Sleep program advanced by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 1992 that advises the avoidance of the prone sleeping position as a method of reducing the rates of sudden infant death syndrome. 10,12,13 There is a delay in early gross motor milestones in children forced to sleep supine but these delays seem transient and have not been linked as yet to any longer term problems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Developmental Outcomes in Patients With Deformational Plagiocephaly

2000

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ABSTRACT. Objectives. To determine whether there was an increased rate of later developmental delay in school-aged children who presented as infants with deformational plagiocephaly without obvious signs of delay at the time of initial evaluation.Methods. A retrospective medical record review of 254 patients evaluated at the Craniofacial Center of the Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center in Seattle, Washington, from 1980 through 1991 was completed. Consenting patient families were interviewed via telelphone to determine what, if any, special medical or educational problems had occurred for the children who had had plagiocephaly in infancy or their siblings with normal head shapes.Results. A total of 181 families from the medical record review could be notified about the study and 63 families agreed to participate in a telephone interview. The sample of participants for the telephone interview was random to and representative of the group as a whole. The families reported that 25 of the 63 children (39.7%) with persistent deformational plagiocephaly had received special help in primary school including: special education assistance, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy generally through an Individual Education Plan. Only 7 of 91 siblings (7.7%), serving as controls, required similar services ( 2 ‫؍‬ 21.24). Delays could not be specifically anticipated at the time of the diagnosis of deformational plagiocephaly from any simple set of factors including treatment with helmet therapy, although effected males with reported uterine constraint were at the highest risk for subsequent school problems.Conclusions. Infants with deformational plagiocephaly comprise a high-risk group for developmental difficulties presenting as subtle problems of cerebral dysfunction during the school-age years. There is a need for additional research on the long-term developmental problems in infants with deformational plagiocephaly. Pediatrics 2000;105(2). URL: http://www.pediatrics.org/ cgi/content/full/105/2/e26; plagiocephaly, facial asymmetry, torticollis, developmental delay.

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“…Because there is no clear numerical definition, the reported incidence varies widely, ranging from 0.3 to 25%; 3,4,11,13 and it has been reported to be 1.46% when accompanied by severe facial anomalies. 29 The incidence of positional head deformity (positional plagiocephaly) according to age has also been shown to be variable.…”

Section: Incidence and Adverse Effect Of Positional Plagiocephalymentioning

confidence: 99%