An IC-based controllable stimulator for respiratory muscle stimulation investigations

Castelli, Jonathan; Kolbl, Florian; Siu, Ricardo; N’Kaoua, Gilles; Bornat, Yannick; Mangalore, Ashwin; Hillen, Brian; Abbas, James J.; Renaud, Sylvie; Jung, Ranu; Lewis, Noëlle

doi:10.1109/embc.2017.8037236

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…By setting the PG-nFES with commonly used stimulation parameters for non-invasive neuromuscular applications and surface stimulation electrodes, upper limb movements of the hand and arm (involving the elbow and shoulder joints) were achieved (Figure 7). In contrast, many FPGA-based stimulation systems reported in the literature are targeted to invasive FES applications (Castelli et al, 2017) or are not aimed for upper limb applications (Chen et al, 2009). On the other hand, recent works reporting FES systems for the upper limb (De Marchis et al, 2016;Kutlu et al, 2016;Annetta et al, 2019;Torah et al, 2019;Ward et al, 2020), are designed for custom arrays of stimulation electrodes aimed to small muscles of the forearm to achieve wrist and finger movements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the 1990s, FPGAs have been used to develop FES systems. They have been applied for Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) stimulation, like bladder (Sawan et al, 1996;Arabi and Sawan, 1999), respiration (Zbrzeski et al, 2016;Castelli et al, 2017), and visual prostheses (Wong et al, 2005). Also, they have been used for Central Nervous System (CNS) stimulation, including intracortical (Sugiura et al, 2016) and deep brain stimulation (Karami et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FES systems using FPGAs for the generation and control of stimulation pulses have been reported since the 1990s (Sawan et al, 1996) up to very recently (Ranganathan et al, 2019). However, most of them were designed for invasive applications, with pulse amplitude values in the range of hundreds of µA (Amerijckx et al, 1998;Castelli et al, 2017) to a few mA (Sawan et al, 1996;Simpson and Ghovanloo, 2007). In contrast, non-invasive FES applications require larger electrodes (up to tens of cm 2 ) placed over the skin (transcutaneous), which increase the pulse amplitude requirements: from a few to tens of mA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Flexible Pulse Generator Based on a Field Programmable Gate Array Architecture for Functional Electrical Stimulation

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Non-invasive Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is a technique applied for motor rehabilitation of patients with central nervous system injury. This technique requires programmable multichannel systems to configure the stimulation parameters (amplitude, frequency, and pulse width). Most FES systems are based on microcontrollers with fixed architecture; this limits the control of the parameters and the scaling to multiple channels. Although field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) have been used in FES systems as alternative to microcontrollers, most of them focus on signal acquisition, processing, or communication functions, or are for invasive stimulation. A few FES systems report using FPGAs for parameter configuration and pulse generation in non-invasive FES. However, generally they limit the value of the frequency or amplitude parameters to enable multichannel operation. This restricts free selection of parameters and implementation of modulation patterns, previously reported to delay FES-induced muscle fatigue. To overcome those limitations, this paper presents a proof-of-concept (technology readiness level three-TRL 3) regarding the technical feasibility and potential use of an FPGA-based pulse generator for non-invasive FES applications (PG-nFES). The main aims were: (1) the development of a flexible pulse generator for FES applications and (2) to perform a proof-of-concept of the system, comprising: electrical characterization of the stimulation parameters, and verification of its potential for upper limb FES applications. Biphasic stimulation pulses with high linearity (r2 > 0.9998) and repeatability (>0.81) were achieved by combining the PG-nFES with a current-controlled output stage. Average percentage error in the characterizations was under 3% for amplitude (1–48 mA) and pulse width (20–400 μs), and 0% for frequency (10–150 Hz). A six-channel version of the PG-nFES was implemented to demonstrate the scalability feature. The independence of parameters was tested with three patterns of co-modulation of two parameters. Moreover, two complete FES channels were implemented and the claimed features of the PG-nFES were verified by performing upper limb functional movements involving the hand and the arm. Finally, the system enabled implementation of a stimulation pattern with co-modulation of frequency and pulse width, applied successfully for efficient elbow during repetitions of a functional movement.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Flexible Pulse Generator Based on a Field Programmable Gate Array Architecture for Functional Electrical Stimulation

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Multimed setups have been installed in multiple sites and are being used by partner laboratories in collaborative projects, always aiming for closed-loop experiments (BRAINBOW (EU project 284772, ICT- FET FP7/2007–2013, FET Young Explorers) [ 33 ], CENAVEX (ANR grant 2013-NEUC-0001-01 and NIH grant 5 R01 NS086088-02) [ 34 , 35 , 40 ], ISLET CHIP (ANR grant 2013-PRTS-0017) [ 25 , 41 ], HYRENE (ANR grant 2010-BLANC-0316-01) [ 21 ]). New needs in terms of processing capabilities arise from existing collaborations and can also emerge from new collaborations, leading to regular updates of the digital library.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimed: An Integrated, Multi-Application Platform for the Real-Time Recording and Sub-Millisecond Processing of Biosignals

Pirog

Bornat

Perrier

et al. 2018

Sensors

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Enhanced understanding and control of electrophysiology mechanisms are increasingly being hailed as key knowledge in the fields of modern biology and medicine. As more and more excitable cell mechanics are being investigated and exploited, the need for flexible electrophysiology setups becomes apparent. With that aim, we designed Multimed, which is a versatile hardware platform for the real-time recording and processing of biosignals. Digital processing in Multimed is an arrangement of generic processing units from a custom library. These can freely be rearranged to match the needs of the application. Embedded onto a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), these modules utilize full-hardware signal processing to lower processing latency. It achieves constant latency, and sub-millisecond processing and decision-making on 64 channels. The FPGA core processing unit makes Multimed suitable as either a reconfigurable electrophysiology system or a prototyping platform for VLSI implantable medical devices. It is specifically designed for open- and closed-loop experiments and provides consistent feedback rules, well within biological microseconds timeframes. This paper presents the specifications and architecture of the Multimed system, then details the biosignal processing algorithms and their digital implementation. Finally, three applications utilizing Multimed in neuroscience and diabetes research are described. They demonstrate the system’s configurability, its multi-channel, real-time processing, and its feedback control capabilities.

show abstract

“…Previous studies have suggested technology that can be used to synchronize artificial ventilation with intrinsic respiratory drive or to replicate its function. These methods include development of a controllable stimulator with an update frequency higher than the stimulation frequency and a real-time processing controller (Castelli et al, 2017), implementation of a bio-inspired spiking neural network model that follows intrinsic respiratory rate (Zbrzeski et al, 2016), predictive algorithms using body temperature and heart rate (Kimura et al, 1992), and breath-triggering through the use of genioglossus muscle activity (Mercier et al, 2017). However, these approaches have not yet been sufficiently developed or investigated.…”

Section: Controller Provided Autonomous and Individualized Ventilatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoring ventilatory control using an adaptive bioelectronic system

Siu

Abbas

Hillen

et al. 2018

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Key Points Summary Electrical stimulation of the diaphragm muscle or phrenic nerve, or ventilatory pacing, serves as an alternative to mechanical ventilation.  Currently available ventilatory pacing systems are open-loop, requiring long set-up sessions and frequent tuning.  A neuromorphic closed-loop bioelectronic controller capable of autonomously adapting current amplitude to achieve a desired breath volume profile has been developed.  The controller was able to achieve a desired volume profile in intact animals and restore tidal volume to values observed prior to injury in spinal cord hemisected animals.  This controller architecture allows for ventilatory pacing that requires minimal technician input during setup and constantly adapts to account for changes such as those induced by muscle fatigue.  The adaptive control system could be used as a respiratory rehabilitation tool to strengthen inspiratory muscles and for automated weaning from mechanical ventilation. AbstractVentilatory pacing via electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve or of the diaphragm has been shown to enhance quality of life compared to mechanical ventilation. However, commercially-available ventilatory pacing devices require initial manual specification of stimulation parameters and frequent adjustment to achieve and maintain suitable ventilation Adaptive bioelectronic ventilatory control system 3 over long periods of time. Here, we have developed an adaptive, closed-loop, neuromorphic, pattern-shaping controller capable of automatically determining a suitable stimulation pattern and adapting it to maintain a desired breath volume profile on a breathby-breath basis. In vivo studies in anesthetized intact and C2-hemisected male Sprague-Dawley rats indicated that the controller was capable of automatically adapting stimulation parameters to attain a desired volume profile. Despite diaphragm hemiparesis, the controller was able to achieve a desired volume in the injured animals that did not differ from the tidal volume observed prior to injury (p=0.39). The closed-loop controller was developed and parametrized in a computational testbed prior to in-vivo assessment. This bioelectronic technology could serve as an individualized and autonomous respiratory pacing approach for support or recovery from ventilatory deficiency.

show abstract

An IC-based controllable stimulator for respiratory muscle stimulation investigations

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

A Flexible Pulse Generator Based on a Field Programmable Gate Array Architecture for Functional Electrical Stimulation

A Flexible Pulse Generator Based on a Field Programmable Gate Array Architecture for Functional Electrical Stimulation

Multimed: An Integrated, Multi-Application Platform for the Real-Time Recording and Sub-Millisecond Processing of Biosignals

Restoring ventilatory control using an adaptive bioelectronic system

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About