An HCV E2-derived immunoadhesin independently targets to human hepatocytes and is internalized in a rate-limited manner determined by receptor density

Alshehri, Ahmad A.

doi:10.4172/2324-8955-c1-003

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

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“…The positive results were detected in four different provinces of Turkey: Amasya, Ankara, Samsun and Afyon (Gur et al, 2017). In addition, Yilmaz et al (2017) detected antibodies against RVFV in 3.6%, 4.5% and 3.8% of tested children (n = 110), cattle (n = 200) and sheep (n = 160), respectively (see Section 3.1.2.3).…”

Section: Horn Of Africa Routesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The results of some recently published studies, carried out in the countries surrounding the Mediterranean Basin, which never reported the disease either in humans or in animals, indicate the presence of a certain level of seropositivity in animals and in humans in some areas. These countries are: Turkey (Gur et al, 2017;Yilmaz et al, 2017), Tunisia (Bosworth et al, 2016), Iran (Fakour et al, 2017), Iraq (Muhsen, 2012; Saleh Aghaa and Rhaymah, 2013), Algeria (Nardo et al, 2014) and Western Sahara (El-Harrak et al, 2011;Nardo et al, 2014). In most of these studies, the sample size was limited, and the areas of study were limited.…”

Section: Mayottementioning

confidence: 99%

“…RVF vaccines and vaccine candidates evaluated for their induced protection in different animal models (adapted fromFaburay et al, 2017). DIVA for differentiation between naturally infected and vaccinated animals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rift Valley Fever – epidemiological update and risk of introduction into Europe

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector‐borne disease transmitted by a broad spectrum of mosquito species, especially Aedes and Culex genus, to animals (domestic and wild ruminants and camels) and humans. Rift Valley fever is endemic in sub‐Saharan Africa and in the Arabian Peninsula, with periodic epidemics characterised by 5–15 years of inter‐epizootic periods. In the last two decades, RVF was notified in new African regions (e.g. Sahel), RVF epidemics occurred more frequently and low‐level enzootic virus circulation has been demonstrated in livestock in various areas. Recent outbreaks in a French overseas department and some seropositive cases detected in Turkey, Tunisia and Libya raised the attention of the EU for a possible incursion into neighbouring countries. The movement of live animals is the most important pathway for RVF spread from the African endemic areas to North Africa and the Middle East. The movement of infected animals and infected vectors when shipped by flights, containers or road transport is considered as other plausible pathways of introduction into Europe. The overall risk of introduction of RVF into EU through the movement of infected animals is very low in all the EU regions and in all MSs (less than one epidemic every 500 years), given the strict EU animal import policy. The same level of risk of introduction in all the EU regions was estimated also considering the movement of infected vectors, with the highest level for Belgium, Greece, Malta, the Netherlands (one epidemic every 228–700 years), mainly linked to the number of connections by air and sea transports with African RVF infected countries. Although the EU territory does not seem to be directly exposed to an imminent risk of RVFV introduction, the risk of further spread into countries neighbouring the EU and the risks of possible introduction of infected vectors, suggest that EU authorities need to strengthen their surveillance and response capacities, as well as the collaboration with North African and Middle Eastern countries.

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Section: Horn Of Africa Routesmentioning

confidence: 94%