An exploration of the spectrum of peri -ictal MRI change; a comprehensive literature review

Williams, Jennifer; Bede, Peter; Doherty, Colin

doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2017.05.005

Cited by 55 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…There have been several reports of partial status epilepticus where patients developed peri-ictal focal cerebral edemas that showed spontaneous regression on serial computerized tomography scans 4,5) . These ictal-related MRI changes were identified after status epilepticus, cluster seizures, and single seizures 6) . However, these conditions are uncommon in clinical settings and are sometimes misdiagnosed as cortical dysplasia, tumors, and other structural abnormalities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Transient Abnormalities on Magnetic Resonance Imaging after Absence Seizures

Yoo¹,

Yoon²,

Kim³

et al. 2018

Child Neurol

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended for patients with epileptic seizures to rule out an underlying focal lesion. However, abnormalities in idiopathic generalized epilepsy, including childhood absence epilepsy, cannot usually be identified using brain imaging modalities such as MRI. Peri-ictal MRI abnormalities have been most commonly reported secondary to status epilepticus and are rarely observed in patients with focal seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Transient peri-ictal MRI abnormalities in absence epilepsy are extremely rare. A fiveyear-old girl presented with a three-day history of absence seizures that persisted despite continued treatment with sodium valproate. Electroencephalography showed bursts of generalized 3-Hz spike-and-wave discharges, during and after hyperventilation. Abnormal cortex thickening in the left perisylvian region was detected on T2-weighted brain MRI, and cortical dysplasia or a tumor was suspected. The patient started treatment with lamotrigine and was seizure-free after one month. The abnormal MRI lesion was completely resolved at the twomonth follow-up. We report on a patient with childhood absence epilepsy and reversible brain MRI abnormalities in the perisylvian region. To our knowledge, this is the first report of transient MRI abnormalities after absence seizures. Transient peri-ictal MRI abnormalities should be considered for differential diagnosis in patients with absence seizures and a focal abnormality on brain MRI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Transient Abnormalities on Magnetic Resonance Imaging after Absence Seizures

Yoo¹,

Yoon²,

Kim³

et al. 2018

Child Neurol

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“…The patient developed an enduring state of relapsing and remitting ictal symptoms lasting several days, approximating focal status/“aura continua” [ 11 , 12 ]. The excessive focal seizures appeared to cause a visual field deficit corresponding to an increase of MRI FLAIR signal in the vicinity of the lesion, likely caused by sustained cerebral hypoperfusion [ 13 , 14 ]. Presumably, these transitory changes enhanced ictal activity and propagation causing further neuronal damage, which may have contributed to subsequent drug-resistance [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiential seizures related to the hippocampal-parahippocampal spatial representation system

Revdal

Arntsen

Doan

et al. 2020

Epilepsy & Behavior Reports

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Ictal visual hallucinations may have occipital as well as temporal lobe origin. We report a patient with clustering of focal aware seizures with visual hallucinations. Ictal EEG findings and seizure semiology with alternating contralateral elementary visual phenomena and non-lateralizing experiential hallucinations (visual scenes, memory flashbacks, spatial distortion) corresponded to a lesion in the posterior part of the right parahippocampal gyrus. This area is part of the hippocampal-parahippocampal system for mapping allocentric space. Within this system, the parahippocampal cortex encodes information about visual environmental scenes in concert with functionally defined neurons relevant for episodic memory and spatial cognitive processes (place, grid, border and head direction cells, as well as neurons tracking the passage of time). These functions are tightly linked to visual exploration. We suggest that the hippocampal-parahippocampal spatial navigation system is a crucial part of the networks responsible for the semiology of experiential seizures with complex visual hallucinations and elements of recall.

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“…Данные изменения могут проявляться уни-или билатеральным повышением сигнала на Т2-(в том числе FLAIR) импульсных последовательностях, ограничением диффузии, отеком борозд, а также увеличением перфузии этой области. Однако с течением времени при данном состоянии сигнал на Т2-импульсных последовательностях и DWI нормализуется [20].…”

Section: фокальные эпилептогенные поражения головного мозгаunclassified

Current approaches to magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of epileptogenic and associated lesions of the brain

Perepelova

Perepelov

Merkulova

et al. 2018

RJTAO

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With the development of current neuroimaging techniques, their role in diagnosing epilepsy is becoming more significant and that is not only in identifying the disease that plays a key role in epileptogenesis, but also in assisting a clinician in the subsequent formulation of the diagnosis, in correcting drug therapy, and, in some cases, in addressing the issue of surgical treatment in the patient. The priority technique in this case is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that has high sensitivity and specificity in defining the location of minor and more major lesions of the brain structure and that includes a set of current sequences that can obtain important diagnostic information about the functional state of the brain. This article highlights the International League Against Epilepsy guidelines for MRI in patients with suspected epilepsy, assesses the use of and briefly characterizes both structural and functional pulse sequences that are most commonly included in the epileptological protocol. It considers major pathological processes and evaluates anatomical and functional changes in the brain structure, which play an important role in epileptogenesis.

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An exploration of the spectrum of peri -ictal MRI change; a comprehensive literature review

Cited by 55 publications

References 121 publications

Transient Abnormalities on Magnetic Resonance Imaging after Absence Seizures

Transient Abnormalities on Magnetic Resonance Imaging after Absence Seizures

Experiential seizures related to the hippocampal-parahippocampal spatial representation system

Current approaches to magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of epileptogenic and associated lesions of the brain

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