An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA

Thomas, Jan C.; Simeoni, Albert; Gallagher, Michael R.; Skowronski, Nicholas S.

doi:10.3801/iafss.fss.11-1406

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This value of received heat flux is representative of typical fire front propagation [45] . Dead pitch pine ( Pinus rigida ) needles were packed in cylindrical porous baskets (67%% opening fraction) of 12.6 cm diameter and 3.0 cm depth following the protocol used in [46] . Fuel moisture content (FMC) was determined by conditioning needles at 60 °C for 24 h. The average FMC was 7%% of the dry weight.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framework for submodel improvement in wildfire modeling

Houssami

Lamorlette

Morvan

et al. 2018

Combustion and Flame

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framework for submodel improvement in wildfire modeling

Houssami

Lamorlette

Morvan

et al. 2018

Combustion and Flame

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“…As the lower end of the FPA is closed, natural convection is limited at the backface of the sample. Dead needles were packed in cylindrical open baskets of 12.6 cm diameter and 3.0 cm depth following the protocol used in [38]. MLR was derived from mass loss measurements using a sensitive scale (± 0.01g) and the exhaust gases were analyzed for composition.…”

Section: Fpa Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and numerical studies characterizing the burning dynamics of wildland fuels

Houssami

Thomas

Lamorlette

et al. 2016

Combustion and Flame

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International audienceA method to accurately understand the processes controlling the burning behavior of porous wildland fuels is presented using numerical simulations and laboratory experiments. A multiphase approach has been implemented in OpenFOAM, which is based on the FireFOAM solver for large eddy simulations (LES). Conservation equations are averaged in a control volume containing a gas and a solid phase. Drying, pyrolysis, and char oxidation are described by interaction between the two phases. Numerical simulations are compared to laboratory experiments carried out with porous pine needle beds in the FM Global Fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA). These experiments are used to support the use and the development of submodels that represent heat transfer, pyrolysis, gas-phase combustion, and smoldering processes. The model is tested for different bulk densities, two distinct species and two different radiative heat fluxes used to heat up the samples. It has been possible to reproduce mass loss rates, heat release rates, and temperatures that agree with experimental observations, and to highlight the current limitations of the model

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“…Heat exposure from the combustion of forest detritus and vegetation serves as the direct, initial mechanism of mortality to ticks from prescribed fires. Combustion of forest fuels (e.g., the detritus and vegetation that compose tick habitat) occurs in two forms, as either flaming or intermittent flaming and smoldering combustion, which are dictated largely by moisture content (Kreye, Varner, et al, 2018; Thomas et al, 2014), fuel structure and loading properties that affect oxygen availability proximal to combustion (Mueller et al, 2018; Thomas et al, 2014), and species (Kreye, Varner, et al, 2018). These forms of combustion are important because they often determine which layers of the forest environment will be impacted and, thus, the balance of impacts on questing and refuge portions of tick habitat.…”

Section: Prescribed Fire As a Control For Tick Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can restoration of fire‐dependent ecosystems reduce ticks and tick‐borne disease prevalence in the eastern United States?

Gallagher

Kreye

Machtinger

et al. 2022

Ecological Applications

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Over the past century, fire suppression has facilitated broad ecological changes in the composition, structure, and function of fire-dependent landscapes throughout the eastern US, which are in decline. These changes have likely contributed mechanistically to the enhancement of habitat conditions that favor pathogencarrying tick species, key wildlife hosts of ticks, and interactions that have fostered pathogen transmission among them and to humans. While the longrunning paradigm for limiting human exposure to tick-borne diseases focuses responsibility on individual prevention, the continued expansion of medically important tick populations, increased incidence of tick-borne disease in humans, and emergence of novel tick-borne diseases highlights the need for additional approaches to stem this public health challenge. Another approach that has the potential to be a cost-effective and widely applied but that remains largely overlooked is the use of prescribed fire to ecologically restore degraded landscapes that favor ticks and pathogen transmission. We examine the ecological role of fire and its effects on ticks within the eastern United States, especially examining the life cycles of forest-dwelling ticks, shifts in regional-scale fire use over the past century, and the concept that frequent fire may have helped moderate tick populations and pathogen transmission prior to the so-called fire-suppression era that has characterized the past century. We explore mechanisms of how fire and ecological restoration can reduce ticks, the potential for incorporating the mechanisms into the broader strategy for managing ticks, and the challenges, limitations, and research needs of prescribed burning for tick reduction.

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An Experimental Study Evaluating the Burning Dynamics of Pitch Pine Needle Beds Using the FPA

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Framework for submodel improvement in wildfire modeling

Framework for submodel improvement in wildfire modeling

Experimental and numerical studies characterizing the burning dynamics of wildland fuels

Can restoration of fire‐dependent ecosystems reduce ticks and tick‐borne disease prevalence in the eastern United States?

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