An experimental investigation of the performance, emission and combustion stability of compression ignition engine powered by diesel and ammonia solution (NH₄OH)

Abstract

This study presents experimental examinations of a stationary single-cylinder compression ignition dual fuel engine for the combustion of diesel fuel with water ammonia solution. The effect of 25% water ammonia solution on the combustion, performance, emissions and stability of the dual fuel compression ignition engine was investigated, taking into account its different operating conditions. The experiments were carried out for three modes of engine operation with three loads (35%, 60% and 100%) and a change in the water ammonia solution energy fraction at 60% load, within the range from 0% to 17%. Co-combustion of diesel fuel with water ammonia solution in the test engine contributed to an increase in the ignition delay period and combustion duration, and to an increase in the heat release rate. Compared to the combustion of diesel fuel alone, combustion involving ammonia causes deterioration in the stability of the test engine operation, yet not exceeding the permissible stability indices for reciprocating combustion engines. Addition of water ammonia solution led to reduced nitrogen oxide emissions and increasing carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions and did not result in significant changes in carbon dioxide emissions.

Experimental Investigation of the Performance and Exhaust Emissions of a Spark-Ignition Engine Operating with Different Proportional Blends of Gasoline and Water Ammonia Solution

“…Nonetheless, a noticeable decrease in the brake and specific fuel consumption of the engine is observed. However, HC and CO emission levels are increased with the augmentation of the WAS in the blend due to the incomplete combustion of the fuel mixture [16]. It can be understood from the present literature review that mixing WAS with GF in SI engine improves engine performance and increases harmful emissions.…”

“…It is well established that ammonia derived from renewable energy sources will provide a green-originated carbon free fuel [11]. To improve combustion, the blends of ammonia solution and GF were used to optimize the engine's performance [16]. Ammonia has enormous promise as a substitute for petroleumbased fuels.…”

“…A potential reason for the higher CO emissions is related to the possibility of incomplete combustion of the WAS owing to the reduced combustion temperature of ammonia, particularly at low loads [29]. Moreover, the addition of the ammonia fuel to the GF reduces the pressure and temperature of combustion leading to an upsurge in the CO emissions [30].…”

“…Combusting new fuels for both the stationary engines and the ICEs are being investigated [12][13][14]. Combustion of which makes a significant contribution to air pollution by emitting significant amounts of soot, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx), thereby devoting to the greenhouse impact [15,16].…”

Investigation of engine performance and emission parameters of a diesel engine fueled with Foeniculum vulgare oil biodiesel – ammonia mixtures

“…They concluded that 10% wt NH3 in methanol is a suitable mixture ratio due to having lower CO2 emission. Pyrc et al [10] investigated experimentally the effects of diesel-NH3 solution (NH4OH) on performance, emission and combustion stability by using compression ignition engine. They revealed that the advantages of NH3 as a fuel against harmful emission gases.…”