An experience sampling study of emotional reactions to music: Listener, music, and situation.

Abstract

The Experience Sampling Method was used to explore emotions to music as they naturally occurred in everyday life, with a focus on the prevalence of different musical emotions and how such emotions are related to various factors in the listener, the music, and the situation. Thirty-two college students, 20 to 31 years old, carried a palmtop that emitted a sound signal seven times per day at random intervals for 2 weeks. When signaled, participants were required to complete a questionnaire on the palmtop. Results showed that music occurred in 37% of the episodes, and in 64% of the music episodes, the participants reported that the music affected how they felt. Comparisons showed that happiness-elation and nostalgia-longing were more frequent in episodes with musical emotions, whereas anger-irritation, boredom-indifference, and anxiety-fear were more frequent in episodes with nonmusical emotions. The prevalence of specific musical emotions correlated with personality measures and also varied depending on the situation (e.g., current activity, other people present), thus highlighting the need to use representative samples of situations to obtain valid estimates of prevalence.

Music in Obstetrics: An Intervention Option to Reduce Tension, Pain and Stress

“…Listening to music should be felt as something pleasant and only be used with the patientʼs consent so that a positive effect might be possible. Depending on the situation and personality of the patient, the perception and reaction to musical stimuli can vary [54]. Each individual case should therefore be assessed as to whether music should be considered as a supplementary intervention.…”

On personality and piloerection: Individual differences in aesthetic chills and other unusual aesthetic experiences.

“…If empirical research is to be trusted, you almost certainly have listened to music today and are probably listening to music right now ( Juslin, Liljeström, Västfjäll, Barradas, & Silva, 2008). Did you get goose bumps while listening to it?…”

Untitled

“…North et al's stance is grounded in the psychological and sociological employment of music; they suggest that music is capable of performing useful functions for listeners. The utility of music has been highlighted in numerous studies, each illustrating music's potential to augment various aspects of the self: psychological (e.g., ChamorroPremuzic & Furnham, 2007;Greasley & Lamont, 2011;Laukka, 2007), emotional (e.g., Gantz, Gartenberg, Pearson, & Schiller, 1978;Laiho, 2004;Sloboda, 2005), social (e.g., Ben nett, 2015;Christenson & Roberts, 1998;Laiho, 2004), and physiological (e.g., Juslin, Liljeström, Västfjäll, Barradas, & Silva, 2008;Sloboda, 2005).…”