An evaluation of the fairness of police line-ups and video identifications

ROC Analysis of the Verbal Overshadowing Effect: Testing the Effect of Verbalisation on Memory Sensitivity

“…This corresponds well with archival study estimates (e.g. Valentine & Heaton, ) and previous laboratory studies using ‘fair’ lineups (Gronlund, Carlson, Dailey, & Goodsell, ).…”

Why are lineups better than showups? A test of the filler siphoning and enhanced discriminability accounts.

“…The perpetrator and innocent suspect were both chosen by 32.5% of the mock-witnesses. Together, these results are similar to previous field (Valentine & Heaton, 1999) and laboratory work (Horry et al, 2012) and suggests that our new mugging simultaneous showup members fit the description of the perpetrator.…”

Child witness expressions of certainty are informative.

“…Tredoux's E ranged from 4.27 to 4.80 (M = 4.51), across the four lineups (target-present and -absent lineups for each culprit). This result is consistent with assessments of effective size of lineups used as stimuli in experimental studies (e.g., Horry et al, 2015;Palmer et al, 2013) and real lineups created in police practice (e.g., Valentine & Heaton, 1999). This result indicates that our lineups were perceptually fair.…”