An Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Patients with Ectodermal Dysplasia: A Retrospective Study at a Single Center in Turkey

Abstract

Background The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) combined with volumetric dental tomography measurements taken from three main regions selected on the lower mandible, the right mandibular, medial mandibular, and left mandibular regions, in patients with ectodermal dysplasia and age-matched and gender-matched controls. Measurement of BMD in Hounsfield units (HUs) were evaluated using three-dimensional (3D) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. Material/Methods Mandibular bone tomography images were evaluated from 9 women and 5 men diagnosed with ectodermal dysplasia and a control group of 9 women and 5 men. The HU values obtained according to age and gender of the total 28 study participants were measured. Statistical analysis of the data used Student’s t-test. Results BMD in the ectodermal dysplasia group was significantly lower compared with the BMD in the control group. Comparison of the left and right mandibular angulus regions showed that the BMD of patients with ectodermal dysplasia was significantly lower when compared with the control group in both regions, but no significant difference was found between the two groups in the BMD of the central mandibular region. CBCT was found to be an effective method for the measurement of BMD. Conclusions In patients with ectodermal dysplasia, reduced BMD should be taken into consideration when planning surgical interventions involving bone tissue and when planning implant surgery. The results of this study may be of value in dentistry and other fields of medicine.

A User-Friendly Protocol for Mandibular Segmentation of CBCT Images for Superimposition and Internal Structure Analysis

“…CBCT has also been proven to be an appropriate tool for evaluating the maxillary and mandibular bone marrow density [ 24 , 25 , 26 ] and condylar volume [ 27 ]. Thus, further exploring the feasibility of the current segmentation and superimposition protocol for assessing mandibular bone marrow density and tracking condyle modeling and remodeling is the next objective of our investigation.…”

Key aspects of dental diagnostics and treatment specifics in ectodermal dysplasia patients: comprehensive literature review

“…An interested fact was noted during study on 16 children with ED, i.e., bilateral teeth agenesis pattern, which was observed on maxilla with nearly 94% frequency and on mandible with 75% frequency, while greater percentage of missed teeth was observed on mandible [15]. Mean number of missed permanent teeth among males (22) was greater compared to females (4) [4]. Considering such data, it was emphasized that oligodontia itself could be used as an identification marker, which could suggest the presence of ED [16].…”

“…In a retrospective study, it was shown that among 19 analyzed ED cases, 100% of patients presented with insufficient thickness of alveolar ridge [21]. Bone mineral density evaluation of mandible among ED patients using a Hounsfield unit, revealed a statistically lower value compared to healthy control group [22]. These findings could be used not only as criteria for ED diagnostics, but could be applied during treatment planning of ED patients in prosthetics design with respective support for dental implants.…”

Machine learning in dental, oral and craniofacial imaging: a review of recent progress

“…However, as far as the current results are concerned, important adjustments need to be made to the ML model. CBCT images combined with ML models can also be used to measure the bone mineral density of the implant area ( Çolak, 2019 ; Dahiya et al, 2018 ), evaluate the bone mass of the surgical area ( Suttapreyasri, Suapear & Leepong, 2018 ) and assist in the construction of a static guide plate system ( Lin et al, 2020 ).…”