An epidemiological, strategic and response analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia: a population-based observational study

Salman, Hafiz Muhammad; Syed, Javaria; Riaz, Atif; Sarfraz, Zouina; Sarfraz, Azza; Bokhari, Syed Hashim Abbas Ali; Chérrez-Ojeda, Iván

doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12811-y

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Data were monitored between 1990 to 2021 to understand the trends among South Asia countries. The methodology used in this study has been previously applied in literature [ 13 , 14 ]. The population-based study obtained data from national and international data banks and government websites (Data on CO 2 and Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Our World in Data— (accessed on 3 May 2022); World Development Indicators— (accessed on 3 May 2022); CO 2 and Greenhouse Gas Emissions dataset— (accessed on 3 May 2022)).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Quality, Pollution and Sustainability Trends in South Asia: A Population-Based Study

Jabbar

Ghafoor

Rasheed

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Introduction: Worsening air quality and pollution lead to numerous environmental health and sustainability issues in the South Asia region. This study analyzes India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Nepal for air quality data trends and sustainability indicators. Methodology: By using a population-based study design, six South Asian countries were analyzed using a step-wise approach. Data were obtained from government websites and publicly available repositories for region dynamics and key variables. Results: Between 1990 and 2020, air quality data indicated the highest rise in CO2 emissions in India (578.5 to 2441.8 million tons) (MT), Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan. Greenhouse gas emissions, from 1990 to 2018, nearly tripled in India (1990.4 to 3346.6 MT of CO2-equivalents), Nepal (20.6 to 54.6 MT of CO2-equivalents), and Pakistan, and doubled in Bangladesh. Methane emissions rose the highest in Pakistan (70.4 to 151 MT of CO2-equivalents), followed by Nepal (17 to 31 MT of CO2-equivalents) and India (524.8 to 669.3 MT of CO2-equivalents). Nitrous oxide nearly doubled in Bangladesh (16.5 to 29.3 MT of CO2-equivalents), India (141.6 to 256.9 MT of CO2-equivalents), Nepal (17 to 31 MT of CO2-equivalents), and more than doubled in Pakistan (27 to 61 MT of CO2-equivalents). On noting particulate matter 2,5 annual exposure, India saw the highest rise from 81.3 µg/m3 (in 1990) to 90.9 µg/m3 (2017), whereas trends were steady in Pakistan (60.34 to 58.3 µg/m3). The highest rise was noted in Nepal (87.6 to 99.7 µg/m3) until 2017. During the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic, the pre-and post-pandemic changes between 2018 and 2021 indicated the highest PM2.5 concentration in Bangladesh (76.9 µg/m3), followed by Pakistan (66.8 µg/m3), India (58.1 µg/m3), Nepal (46 µg/m3) and Sri Lanka (17.4 µg/m3). Overall, South Asian countries contribute to the worst air quality and sustainability trends regions worldwide. Conclusions: Air pollution is prevalent across a majority of South Asia countries. Owing to unsustainable industrial practices, pollution trends have risen to hazardous levels. Economic, environmental, and human health impacts have manifested and require urgent, concerted efforts by governing bodies in the region.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Quality, Pollution and Sustainability Trends in South Asia: A Population-Based Study

Jabbar

Ghafoor

Rasheed

et al. 2022

IJERPH

Self Cite

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“…The South Asia (SA) region comprises eight countries-Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, and the Maldives. Among the most densely populated regions with the typical resource constraints of the developing world, it has the second-highest confirmed COVID positive cases in India (Salman, et al, 2022). Efforts to curb the spread of the virus during the first and second waves of the pandemic were slow as the region grappled with low testing rates and low vaccinations influenced by low literacy rates, religious, political, cultural beliefs, and misinformation (Al-Zaman, 2021;Kanozia & Arya, 2021;The Wire, 2022).…”

Section: Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Information Crisis during COVID‐19 in the South Asian Region: Challenges, Experiences, Resilience, and Collaborative Efforts

Gala

Islam

Gamage

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Tech

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The fight against the COVID-19 pandemic is as much an information war as it is a medical war. Members from South Asia and the Asia Pacific countries share their experiences and challenges faced with collaborative responses for the ASIS&T Special Chapter funded project on "Dealing with COVID-19 and saving people's lives in South Asia (SA) areas & beyond-A Health Informatics Promotion Project" awarded to the South Asia Chapter in 2021. The panel discusses the challenges faced within the context of geopolitical, socio-economic, religious, and cultural conditions prevalent within their countries. In the first 40 minutes, panel members narrate their own experiences by sharing their personal stories about this collaborative project and share the challenges of content creation and promotion from within the context of their respective countries. The next 30 minutes will be facilitated by the panel chair inviting a discussion between panel members and the audience to engage and come up with innovative ideas, discuss challenges in creating multilingual content and suggestions for improving the project outcome as well as shed light on initiating future health informatics project in similar regions. The last 20 minutes will culminate with the summarization of these collaborative experiences.

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“…According to reports, SARS-CoV 2002 was responsible for the first severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in Guangdong, China. The S-protein in the current virus's receptor-binding domain (RBD) region may have contributed to the faster transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 than the original SARS-CoV (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Observational Study on the Early Stages of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Pakistan

Nasir¹,

Mehdi²,

Qureshi³

et al. 2023

PJMHS

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Bachground: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which started on February 26, 2020 in city of karachi, spread quickly throughout Pakistan. Material and Method: The design of this study was a observational study design and this study was conducted at king Edward medical University Lahore. More than 6,200 persons were afflicted by the illness in the first seven weeks, and there were more than 111 documented fatalities. Many problems arise if we contrast the COVID-19 tragedies in Pakistan with those in nations like China, Iran, and the European Union. The geography of the nation, poverty, poor literacy rates, environmental circumstances, sanitary conditions, and dietary habits are only a few of the difficulties we face in containing this epidemic. Although there are terrible circumstances in each of these areas, Pakistan's COVID-19 epidemic was slower than that of other developing nations. Results: The impact of COVID-19 appears to be lessened by Pakistan's humid hot temperature, early reaction to COVID-19, population immune system, BCG vaccination, and the proportion of young individuals. In this essay, we explore the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in China, Iran, and Pakistan and present its day-to-day changes. We outline the COVID-19 structure and how it compares to SARS-COV and SARS-COV2. The use of Remdesivir (an adenosine analogue used against RNA viruses), Chloroquine (a widely used anti-malarial drug), convalescent plasma, neutralising antibodies targeting the ACE-2 receptor, and an ACE-2-like molecule that might bind to the S protein of the coronavirus are also covered in terms of treatment options and their drawbacks. Also covered are the effects of COVID-19 on Pakistan's economy and government relief measures. Conclusion: In conclusion, it may be said that the support systems in place may not be sufficient to stop the spread of the virus. Even with the meagre assistance offered, it is weaker for rural places where the virus's effects may be severe than in the nation's cities. Further research is required as the epidemic develops to better understand governmental efforts to contain the virus and its effects across the nation. Keywords: Coronavirus COVID-19 Pakistan Pandemic Outbreak

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An epidemiological, strategic and response analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia: a population-based observational study

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Air Quality, Pollution and Sustainability Trends in South Asia: A Population-Based Study

Air Quality, Pollution and Sustainability Trends in South Asia: A Population-Based Study

Health Information Crisis during COVID‐19 in the South Asian Region: Challenges, Experiences, Resilience, and Collaborative Efforts

An Observational Study on the Early Stages of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Pakistan

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