An epidemiological review of changes in meningococcal biology during the last 100 years

Abio, Anne; Neal, Keith; Beck, Charles R.

doi:10.1179/2047773213y.0000000119

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In addition, MD causes great morbidity, with 12-20% of survivors suffering significant clinical sequelae (e.g. paralysis, deafness, mental impairment, amputations, and seizures) [2,[4][5][6][7][8]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are no accurate estimates of the global burden of MD, a situation that is due to inadequate surveillance in many parts of the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Meningococcal Initiative: global epidemiology, the impact of vaccines on meningococcal disease and the importance of herd protection

Borrow

Alarcón

Carlos

et al. 2016

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Introduction: The 2015 Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI) meeting discussed the global importance of meningococcal disease (MD) and its continually changing epidemiology. Areas covered: Although recent vaccination programs have been successful in reducing incidence in many countries (e.g. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup [Men]C in Brazil, MenA in the African meningitis belt), new clones have emerged, causing outbreaks (e.g. MenW in South America, MenC in Nigeria and Niger). The importance of herd protection was highlighted, emphasizing the need for high vaccination uptake among those with the highest carriage rates, as was the need for boosters to maintain individual and herd protection following decline of immune response after primary immunization. Expert commentary: The GMI Global Recommendations for Meningococcal Disease were updated to include a recommendation to enable access to whole-genome sequencing as for surveillance, guidance on strain typing to guide use of subcapsular vaccines, and recognition of the importance of advocacy and awareness campaigns. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global Meningococcal Initiative: global epidemiology, the impact of vaccines on meningococcal disease and the importance of herd protection

Borrow

Alarcón

Carlos

et al. 2016

Expert Review of Vaccines

205

223

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Neisseria meningitidis is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children and young adults (Durand et al, 1993;Edmond et al, 2010;Abio et al, 2013). The incidence of meningococcal disease in the USA between 2005 and 2011 was 0.3 cases per 100000 of the population (Cohn et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myopericarditis and atrial fibrillation complicating meningococcal meningitis in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected man who has sex with men: a case report

2015

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Introduction: Neisseria meningitidis is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in children and young adults. Multiple complications have been reported previously, either at the time of presentation or later during the recovery phase of the illness. Cardiac arrhythmias and electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities have rarely been reported in N. meningitidis infection.Case presentation: We report a 48-year-old African-American man, with newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus infection, admitted with a diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis. An initial 12-lead ECG at admission showed a normal sinus rhythm with widespread concave ST elevation. The patient's troponin level was significantly elevated. A Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed left ventricle moderate anterior pericardial effusion. He was treated with antibiotics for meningitis and ibuprofen for myopericarditis. He subsequently developed atrial fibrillation, which was suppressed with metoprolol, diltiazem and amiodarone during hospitalization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of atrial fibrillation complicating meningococcal meningitis. Conclusion:Myopericarditis complicates the course of meningococcal meningitis. Various forms of cardiac arrhythmias can occur during the course of meningococcal infection. Therefore, telemetry and serial ECG monitoring are recommended throughout the course of meningococcal infection.

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“…Most capsular switching events occurred between serogroups B, C, W, and Y, since their capsule polysaccharide is composed of sialic acid (5,(8)(9)(10). Rare capsular switching between serogroup A and other serogroups has been reported, although serogroup A historically has been epidemic for many years (11,12), and the vaccines incorporating its antigens have been used frequently (13)(14)(15). The only study to assess capsular switching from serogroup A to another serogroup (serogroup C) confirmed the probability of capsular switching under natural conditions (16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic Analysis of Neisseria meningitidis Sequence Type 7 Serogroup X Originating from Serogroup A

et al. 2017

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Neisseria meningitidis causes meningococcal disease, often resulting in fulminant meningitis, sepsis, and death. Vaccination programs have been developed to prevent infection of this pathogen, but serogroup replacement is a problem. Capsular switching has been an important survival mechanism for N. meningitidis, allowing the organism to evolve in the present vaccine era. However, related mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. Genetic analysis of capsular switching between diverse serogroups would help further our understanding of this pathogen. In this study, we analyzed the genetic characteristics of the sequence type 7 (ST-7) serogroup X strain that was predicted to arise from ST-7 serogroup A at the genomic level. By comparing the genomic structures and sequences, ST-7 serogroup X was closest to ST-7 serogroup A, whereas eight probable recombination regions, including the capsular gene locus, were identified. This indicated that serogroup X originated from serogroup A by recombination leading to capsular switching. The recombination involved approximately 8,540 bp from the end of the ctrC gene to the middle of the galE gene. There were more recombination regions and strain-specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms in serogroup X than in serogroup A genomes. However, no specific gene was found for each serogroup except those in the capsule gene locus.

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An epidemiological review of changes in meningococcal biology during the last 100 years

Abstract: The epidemiology of N. meningitidis has been dynamic in Europe and South America especially over the last 30 years. Routine vaccination with serogroup C vaccines has led to reduced carriage and incidence of invasive meningococcal disease and herd immunity.

Cited by 38 publications

References 68 publications

The Global Meningococcal Initiative: global epidemiology, the impact of vaccines on meningococcal disease and the importance of herd protection

The Global Meningococcal Initiative: global epidemiology, the impact of vaccines on meningococcal disease and the importance of herd protection

Myopericarditis and atrial fibrillation complicating meningococcal meningitis in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected man who has sex with men: a case report

Genetic Analysis of Neisseria meningitidis Sequence Type 7 Serogroup X Originating from Serogroup A

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