An Epidemiologic Study of the Risks Associated With Peripheral Intravenous Catheters

These guidelines have been developed for practitioners who insert catheters and for persons responsible for surveillance and control of infections in hospital, outpatient, and home health-care settings. This report was prepared by a working group comprising members from professional organizations representing the disciplines of critical care medicine, infectious diseases, health-care infection control, surgery, anesthesiology, interventional radiology, pulmonary medicine, pediatric medicine, and nursing. The These guidelines are intended to provide evidencebased recommendations for preventing catheter-related infections. Major areas of emphasis include 1) educating and training health-care providers who insert and maintain catheters; 2) using maximal sterile barrier precautions during central venous catheter insertion; 3) using a 2% chlorhexidine preparation for skin antisepsis; 4) avoiding routine replacement of central venous catheters as a strategy to prevent infection; and 5) using antiseptic/antibiotic impregnated short-term central venous catheters if the rate of infection is high despite adherence to other strategies (i.e., education and training, maximal sterile barrier precautions, and 2% chlorhexidine for skin antisepsis). These guidelines also identify performance indicators that can be used locally by health-care institutions or organizations to monitor their success in implementing these evidence-based recommendations.

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“…In pediatric patients, the hand, the dorsum of the foot, or the scalp can be used as the catheter insertion site. [66,128,246]. Category IB 4.…”

Section: Category Ib II Surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections

O’Grady¹,

Alexander²,

Dellinger³

et al. 2002

American Journal of Infection Control

626

838

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“…On the other hand, based on level 1 evidence, the most recent Infusion Nursing Standards of Practice and the EPIC3 National Evidence Based Guidelines recommend that short peripheral catheters should be replaced when clinically indicated, unless the patient is receiving parenteral nutrition peripherally [15,16]. The projected 5-year savings from implementing clinically indicated peripheral intravenous catheter removal policies is US$300 million and 1 million health-worker hours in the United States alone [17,18].…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

A Prospective Study to Compare Routine versus Need Based Change of IV Cannula on Development of Infusion Phlebitis in Adult Surgical Patients

Divyanti¹,

Kumar²

2017

JHS

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(IV) Intravenous therapy is one of the most commonly performed procedures in hospitalized patients yet phlebitis affects 27% to 70% of all patients receiving IV therapy. The incidence of phlebitis has proved to be a menace in effective care of surgical patients, delaying their recovery and increasing duration of hospital stay and cost. The recommendations for reducing its incidence and severity have been varied and of questionable efficacy. The current study was undertaken to evaluate whether elective change of IV cannula at fixed intervals can have any impact on incidence or severity of phlebitis in surgical patients. All patients admitted to the Department of Surgery, SMIMS undergoing IV cannula insertion, fulfilling the selection criteria and willing to participate in the study, were segregated into two random groups prospectively: Group A wherein cannula was changed electively after 24 hours into a fresh vein preferably on the other upper limb and Group B wherein IV cannula was changed only on development of phlebitis or leak i.e. need-based change. The material/brand and protocol for insertion of IV cannula were standardised for all patients, including skin preparation, insertion, fixation and removal. After cannulation, assessment was made after 6 hours, 12 hours and every 24 hours thereafter at all venepuncture sites. VIP and VAS scales were used to record phlebitis and pain respectively. Upon analysis, though there was a lower VIP score in group A compared to group B (0.89 vs. 1.32), this difference was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.277). Furthermore, the differences in pain, as assessed by VAS, at the site of puncture and along the vein were statistically insignificant (p-value > 0.05). Our results are in contradiction to few other studies which recommend a policy of routine change of cannula. Further we advocate a close and thorough monitoring of the venepuncture site and the length of vein immediately distal to the puncture site, as well as a meticulous standardized protocol for IV access.

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“…In addition, various authors highlight the greater relative preponderance of episodes due to S. aureus in PVC in contrast to CVC, with consequent increase in morbidity, mortality and health care costs from S. epidermidis [8,9,11,15,33,34].…”

Section: Pathogens Causing Ircmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peripheral catheters cause fewer infections, with the risk of CRBSI being less than 0.2% [7][8][9]. In prospective studies, the risk of a catheterrelated infection is 2 to 855 times higher with a CVC than with a PVC [10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

COSMOS Study Microbiological Results: Bacterial Colonization and Infection of Long-Term Peripheral Catheters

Strauss¹

2014

Clin Microbial

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BackgroundAs the use of intravenous devices (IVD) has risen so have the number of serious complications, mainly infectious, associated with its use. In fact, IVD are currently the most important independent cause of nosocomial infection in the health care sector [1,2]. Catheter-related infections (CRI) are the leading cause of primary septicemia with a high prevalence leading to increased hospital stays and costs. Furthermore they carry a 3% mortality [3]. Catheter-related infection in peripheral cathetersSpanish data from the program of surveillance of infections in AbstractBackground: Peripheral venous catheters (PVC) have a lower risk of the infection than central venous catheters (CVC), however, their high frequency of use makes PVC a major problem.

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An Epidemiologic Study of the Risks Associated With Peripheral Intravenous Catheters

Cited by 172 publications

References 0 publications

Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections

Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections

A Prospective Study to Compare Routine versus Need Based Change of IV Cannula on Development of Infusion Phlebitis in Adult Surgical Patients

COSMOS Study Microbiological Results: Bacterial Colonization and Infection of Long-Term Peripheral Catheters

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