An Epidemic of Pediatric HIV From Reuse of Infusion Equipment in Pakistan

Syed, Muhammad Asif; Khan, Adnan Ahmad; Chaudhry, Ambreen; Baig, Mirza Amir; Masood, Naveed; Kumar, Santosh; Bhurt, Saeed Ahmed; Qadri, Munaza; Vighio, Anum; Baig, Zeeshan Iqbal; Rabold, Elizabeth M; Ali, Hammad; Blanton, Curtis; Asghar, Rana Jawad; Ikram, Aamer; Rahim, Musa; Solangi, Masood; Mahipala, Palitha; Fontaine, Robert E.

doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000002845

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, they continue to be a neglected threat to society. Many cases of the spread of AIDS in Pakistan are due to the use of contaminated needles due to a lack of awareness 9 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The surge of HIV in Pakistan: an epidemic or a progressive transmission in denial? An editorial

Khan¹

2023

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

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“…However, they continue to be a neglected threat to society. Many cases of the spread of AIDS in Pakistan are due to the use of contaminated needles due to a lack of awareness 9 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The surge of HIV in Pakistan: an epidemic or a progressive transmission in denial? An editorial

Khan¹

2023

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

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“…В 2007 г. утвержден первый нормативный документ 1 , позволивший использовать молекулярно-генетические методы в системе эпидемического контроля ВИЧ-инфекции. В настоящее время такие исследования периодически используются в педиатрической практике [11,12], при расшифровке внутрибольничных очагов инфекции [13][14][15], судебных процессах [16,17].…”

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Experience in the use of phylogenetic analysis in the investigation of cases of HIV-infected patients

Нешумаев

Malysheva

Skudarinov

et al. 2022

VIČ-infekc. immunosupr.

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Objective. To establish a probable source of infection using phylogenetic analysis in the investigation of cases of HIV infection. Materials and methods. HIV genome sequencing was carried out using the kit ViroSeq (Celera). The phylogenetic tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method in the Mega 6 program. As a comparison group, 40 samples of HIV-infected patients from the Krasnoyarsk region were used, as well as 25 nucleotide sequences of various HIV subtypes taken from the international GenBank database. The reliability of the resulting tree was evaluated in bootstrap analysis, a branch rotation test for a thousand random constructions.Results and discussion. The paper presents five cases of epidemiological investigations with a probable nosocomial and occupational mechanism of HIV infection transmission in the Krasnoyarsk region. In 2013, a study was conducted on the infection of three persons treated in the same hospital with an HIV-infected patient. A close genetic relationship of HIV was shown in newly identified individuals, the probable source could not be examined due to death. Second epidemiological investigation in 2013. The association of cases of infection between a newly diagnosed woman with HIV infection and a patient with a previously established HIV status is shown. Both persons were simultaneously in the same medical institution. To determine the direction of transmission of the virus, a test for the duration of infection was used. In 2014, after receiving medical care in four medical organizations, the patient was confirmed to be HIV positive. In all hospitals there were persons with a confirmed diagnosis of HIV infection. Three of them have been examined. The absence of a phylogenetic relationship was confirmed, the fourth died, the material could not be obtained from him. In 2015, a nurse was injured while caring for an HIV-positive patient. Phylogenetic analysis showed a high degree of genetic relationship between these cases of infection. In 2016, after a car accident, two patients were hospitalized in the intensive care unit. After some time, both were diagnosed with HIV infection. Four HIV-infected patients were in intensive care at the same time. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out in two newly identified individuals and one putative source. The association of infections in newly identified patients was shown, the alleged source could not be established.Conclusion. The use of molecular genetic methods in epidemiological investigations significantly improves the quality and accuracy of deciphering epidemic chains of HIV infection.

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A Nationally Representative Survey of COVID-19 in Pakistan, 2021–2022

Aheron¹,

Victory²,

Imtiaz³

et al. 2022

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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We conducted 4,863 mobile phone and 1,715 face-to-face interviews of adults > 18 years residing in Pakistan during June 2021–January 2022 that focused on opinions and practices related to COVID-19. Of those surveyed, 26.3% thought COVID-19 was inevitable, and 16.8% had tested for COVID-19. Survey participants who considered COVID-19 an inevitability shared such traits as urban residency, concerns about COVID-19, and belief that the virus is a serious medical threat. Survey respondents who had undergone COVID-19 testing shared similarities regarding employment status, education, mental health screening, and the consideration of COVID-19 as an inevitable disease. From this survey, we modeled suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases and found nearly 3 times as many suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases than had been reported. Our research also suggested undertesting for COVID-19 even in the presence of COVID-19 symptoms. Further research might help uncover the reasons behind undertesting and underreporting of COVID-19 in Pakistan.

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An Epidemic of Pediatric HIV From Reuse of Infusion Equipment in Pakistan

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

The surge of HIV in Pakistan: an epidemic or a progressive transmission in denial? An editorial

The surge of HIV in Pakistan: an epidemic or a progressive transmission in denial? An editorial

Experience in the use of phylogenetic analysis in the investigation of cases of HIV-infected patients

A Nationally Representative Survey of COVID-19 in Pakistan, 2021–2022

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