An environmental comparison of techniques to reduce pollutants emissions related to agricultural tractors

Bacenetti, Jacopo; Lovarelli, Daniela; Facchinetti, Davide; Pessina, Domenico

doi:10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2018.04.014

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The current state of work to reduce the EGs toxicity and opacity of functioning diesel engines is characterized by the fact that at the moment there is no single universal tool that provides a fairly complete reduction of harmful engine emissions. We have analyzed modern methods and means of reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases of engines [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. The analysis of existing designs of devices for wet cleaning of EGs of the internal combustion engine revealed a number of problems that have a significant impact on both the efficiency of EG cleaning and the possibility of their use in general [12,15,23].…”

Section: Materials Sand Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method and Device for Reducing the Toxicity of Diesel Engine Exhaust Gases

N.V¹,

A.N²,

I.Yu³

et al. 2018

IJET

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The aim of the article is to develop a method and a device for reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases of diesel engines and reducing noise taking into account the current mode of operation of the engine. This is done with the help of installing a liquid catalyst (LC) into the exhaust system, ensuring the processes of trapping, chemical bonding and neutralization of toxic components and soot particles in the aerosol chamber while the vortex flow is being processed by a neutralizing solution supplied under pressure. Then the flow is divided into phases and toxic components and soot are separated in the centrifugal swirl drop separator (SDS).The developed and tested design of an exhaust gas cleaning device installed instead of the standard D-120 engine exhaust system and an automated cleaning process control system make it possible to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases (EG): nitrogen oxides by 40 %, hydrocarbons by 43 % and soot by 70 %. The noise level of its work in enclosed spaces was reduced by 16–22 %. The device also had low gas-dynamic resistance.The investigation methodology is based on the use of modern methods and measuring devices. Exhaust gas tester META “Autotest CO – CH – CO2 – O2 – λ – NOx” was used to measure the toxicity of exhaust gases. To measure smoking at the exhaust of the diesel engine, the opacity meter META-01MP was used. The gas flow velocity was measured with ATT-1004 thermo-anemometer, the noise level of the tractor was recorded with noise and vibration meter VSHV–003–M2, and the fuel consumption with SIRT-1 meter.Theoretical studies were carried out on the basis of the laws of gas dynamics, the modern theory of statistical analysis, and experiment planning techniques. When developing an experimental LC model, dependencies were obtained, which allow to achieve the optimal design and technological parameters of the wet cleaning system for diesel exhaust gases.The optimization of the design parameters and the processing of experimental data were carried out with the help of modern software using the methods of mathematical statistics using computers.The current methods of reducing the toxicity of engines consist primarily in improving the design of engines, in order to influence the nature of the working process, the use of alternative fuels and additives, exhaust gas recirculation, as well as installing various types of exhaust gas catalytic systems. Measures related to the introduction of constructive changes in engines require some major restructuring of the industry, which is difficult to achieve in modern conditions. Alternative fuels have not yet been widely used in agriculture. Therefore, today the most effective and acceptable means of achieving environmental standards is the installation of various mobile catalysts in the exhaust system, as well as devices for trapping soot particles. The use of this exhaust gas cleaning system for diesel engines functioning in enclosed spaces can significantly improve the working conditions of the personnel and have a slight effect on the power and fuel-economic performance of the power unit, reducing the power of the D-120 engine of the T-30 tractor equipped with an upgraded exhaust system when taking external speed characteristics averaged 1.6 %, the torque was 1.5 % and the increase in specific fuel consumption was 1.8 %.In this paper we used materials from scientific publications indexed by bibliographic abstract databases of Scopus and Web of Science.

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Section: Materials Sand Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method and Device for Reducing the Toxicity of Diesel Engine Exhaust Gases

N.V¹,

A.N²,

I.Yu³

et al. 2018

IJET

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“…Pang et al [27] assumed a useful life of 15 years for AMs. In view of stricter standards, the useful life of agricultural machineries was assumed to be 10 or 12 years [28]. The effective diesel powers of the nine categories of AM in Anhui in 2013 were estimated by using the following equation:…”

Section: Effective Powersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Air Pollutant Emission from Agricultural Machinery Using Surveys—A Case Study in Anhui, China

Zheng

et al. 2021

Atmosphere

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Diesel-powered agricultural machinery (AM) is a significant contributor to air pollutant emissions, including nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). However, the fuel consumption and pollutant emissions from AM remain poorly quantified in many countries due to a lack of accurate activity data and emissions factors. In this study, the fuel consumption and air pollutant emission from AM were estimated using a survey and emission factors from the literature. A case study was conducted using data collected in Anhui, one of the agricultural provinces of China. The annual active hours of AM in Anhui ranged 130 to 175 h. The estimated diesel fuel consumption by AM was 1.45 Tg in 2013, approximately 25% of the total diesel consumption in the province. The air pollutants emitted by AM were 57 Gg of carbon monoxide, 14 Gg of hydrocarbon, 74 Gg of NOx and 5.7 Gg of PM in 2013. The NOx and PM emissions from AM were equivalent to 17% and 22% of total on-road traffic emissions in Anhui. Among nine types of AM considered, rural vehicles are the largest contributors to fuel consumption (31%) and air emissions (33–45%).

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“…Moreover, dedicated crops are interesting due to their high production yields, guaranteed availability and added benefits such as contributions to rural development, landscape diversity and reduced erosion potential (Heller et al, 2004). However, more exploration is necessary to reduce the impacts derived from background processes involved in agricultural activities (Bacenetti et al, 2018). <Figure 4 around here>…”

Section: Comparative Assessment Between Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the production of bio-energy from wood biomass. Italian case study

González‐García

Bacenetti

2019

Science of The Total Environment

Self Cite

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The concerns related to the environmental impact related to energy production from fossil fuel are increasing. In this context, the substitution of fossil fuel based energy by bio-energy can be an effective solution. In this study, the production of electricity and heat in Italy in a combined heat and power plant (CHP) based on an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) turbine from wood based biomass both from forest and agricultural activities has been analysed considering four potential alternative scenarios to the current energy status: biomass from very short rotation forestry (VSRF) poplar and willow stands as well as residues from natural forests and from traditional poplar plantations. The evaluation has been performed by applying Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method and an attributional cradle-to-gate approach has been followed. The expected savings of greenhouse gases emission and fossil fuels demand have been quantified, as well as derived emissions of toxic pollutants and substances responsible for acidification, eutrophication and photochemical oxidant formation.The results have been also compared with the conventional Italian scenario considering the current Italian electricity profile and heat production from natural gas. Among the different scenarios, due to the lower transport distance, the use of biomass from traditional poplar plantation residues shows the lowest impact. The biomass combustion emissions are the main hotspot for several evaluated impact categories (e.g., particulate matter formation, human toxicity). In fact, when the produced bio-energy is compared to the reference system (i.e., electricity produced under the Italian electric profile) the results do not favor bio-energy systems. The results reported in this study support the idea that forest residues would be an interesting and potential feedstock for bio-energy purposes although further research is required specifically with the aim of optimizing biomass supply distances.

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An environmental comparison of techniques to reduce pollutants emissions related to agricultural tractors

Cited by 44 publications

References 12 publications

Method and Device for Reducing the Toxicity of Diesel Engine Exhaust Gases

Method and Device for Reducing the Toxicity of Diesel Engine Exhaust Gases

Quantifying Air Pollutant Emission from Agricultural Machinery Using Surveys—A Case Study in Anhui, China

Exploring the production of bio-energy from wood biomass. Italian case study

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