An enhanced technique combining pre-enrichment and passive filtration increases the isolation efficiency of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from water and animal fecal samples

Jokinen, Cassandra C.; Koot, Jacqueline M.; Carrillo, Catherine D.; Gannon, Victor P. J.; Jardine, Claire M.; Mutschall, Steven K.; Topp, Edward; Taboada, Eduardo N.

doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2012.09.005

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…Second, different isolation techniques have highly variable sensitivity that may affect results if Campylobacter concentration is below the detection limits [113]. Because of the inherently low number of cells in eggs/eggshells, embryos, yolk sac, and neonatal intestines enhanced recovery techniques (e.g., combining membrane filtration and enrichment) [115], [116] need to be explored to improve our detection limits in these samples. Third, the type of sample may be important, for example, Campylobacter may not be present in the cecal or fecal samples during early rearing because it is still colonizing the small intestine [34], [117].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review Characterizing On-Farm Sources of Campylobacter spp. for Broiler Chickens

et al. 2014

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Campylobacter and antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter are frequently isolated from broiler chickens worldwide. In Canada, campylobacteriosis is the third leading cause of enteric disease and the regional emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter in broiler chickens has raised a public health concern. This study aimed to identify, critically appraise, and synthesize literature on sources of Campylobacter in broilers at the farm level using systematic review methodology. Literature searches were conducted in January 2012 and included electronic searches in four bibliographic databases. Relevant studies in French or English (n = 95) conducted worldwide in any year and all study designs were included. Risk of Bias and GRADE criteria endorsed by the Cochrane collaboration was used to assess the internal validity of the study and overall confidence in the meta-analysis. The categories for on-farm sources were: broiler breeders/vertical transfer (number of studies = 32), animals (n = 57), humans (n = 26), environment (n = 54), and water (n = 63). Only three studies examined the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter from these on-farm sources. Subgroups of data by source and outcome were analyzed using random effect meta-analysis. The highest risk for contaminating a new flock appears to be a contaminated barn environment due to insufficient cleaning and disinfection, insufficient downtime, and the presence of an adjacent broiler flock. Effective biosecurity enhancements from physical barriers to restricting human movement on the farm are recommended for consideration to enhance local on-farm food safety programs. Improved sampling procedures and standardized laboratory testing are needed for comparability across studies. Knowledge gaps that should be addressed include farm-level drug use and antimicrobial resistance information, further evaluation of the potential for vertical transfer, and improved genotyping methods to strengthen our understanding of Campylobacter epidemiology in broilers at the farm-level. This systematic review emphasizes the importance of improved industry-level and on-farm risk management strategies to reduce pre-harvest Campylobacter in broilers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review Characterizing On-Farm Sources of Campylobacter spp. for Broiler Chickens

et al. 2014

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“…in different sources (Moore et al 2005). For the culture methods, 3 types of culture procedures are commonly used: direct plating, enrichment in broth followed by plating on selective agars, and filtration before direct plating or before plating enrichment broths (Corry et al 1995;Jokinen et al 2012). Many different culture media are available for the isolation of campylobacters.…”

Section: Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacter species in animal, food, and environmental sources, and relevant testing programs in Canada

et al. 2015

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Campylobacter species, particularly thermophilic campylobacters, have emerged as a leading cause of human foodborne gastroenteritis worldwide, with Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter lari responsible for the majority of human infections. Although most cases of campylobacteriosis are self-limiting, campylobacteriosis represents a significant public health burden. Human illness caused by infection with campylobacters has been reported across Canada since the early 1970s. Many studies have shown that dietary sources, including food, particularly raw poultry and other meat products, raw milk, and contaminated water, have contributed to outbreaks of campylobacteriosis in Canada. Campylobacter spp. have also been detected in a wide range of animal and environmental sources, including water, in Canada. The purpose of this article is to review (i) the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in animals, food, and the environment, and (ii) the relevant testing programs in Canada with a focus on the potential links between campylobacters and human health in Canada.

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“…Isolation of thermophilic Campylobacter species was performed as previously described (34). For samples collected prior to October 2011, the "conventional method" (enrichment followed by direct plating onto selective media) was used; the "membrane method" (enrichment followed by passive membrane filtration onto selective media) was used thereafter.…”

Section: Campylobacter Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacter jejuni Strain Dynamics in a Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Population in Southern Ontario, Canada: High Prevalence and Rapid Subtype Turnover

et al. 2020

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Free-ranging wildlife are increasingly recognized as potential reservoirs of disease-causing Campylobacter species such as C. jejuni and C. coli. Raccoons (Procyon lotor), which live at the interface of rural, urban, and more natural environments, are ideal subjects for exploring the potential role that wildlife play in the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis. We studied the prevalence and genetic diversity of Campylobacter from live-captured raccoons on five swine farms and five conservation areas in southwest Ontario. From 2011 to 2013, we collected fecal swabs (n = 1,096) from raccoons, and (n = 50) manure pit samples from the swine farm environment. We subtyped the resulting Campylobacter isolates (n = 581) using Comparative Genomic Fingerprinting (CGF) and 114 distinct subtypes were observed, including 96 and 18 subtypes among raccoon and manure pit isolates, respectively. Campylobacter prevalence in raccoons was 46.3%, with 98.7% of isolates recovered identified as C. jejuni. Novel raccoon-specific CGF subtypes (n = 40/96) accounted for 24.6% (n = 143/581) of Campylobacter isolates collected in this study. Our results also show that C. jejuni is readily acquired and lost in this wild raccoon population and that a high Campylobacter prevalence is observed despite transient carriage typically lasting 30 days or fewer. Moreover, although raccoons appeared to be colonized by species-adapted subtypes, they also harbored agriculture-associated genotypes that accounted for the majority of isolates observed (66.4%) and that are strongly associated with human infections. This suggests that raccoons may act as vectors in the transmission of clinically-relevant C. jejuni subtypes at the interface of rural, urban, and more natural environments.

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An enhanced technique combining pre-enrichment and passive filtration increases the isolation efficiency of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from water and animal fecal samples

Cited by 39 publications

References 47 publications

A Systematic Review Characterizing On-Farm Sources of Campylobacter spp. for Broiler Chickens

A Systematic Review Characterizing On-Farm Sources of Campylobacter spp. for Broiler Chickens

Campylobacter species in animal, food, and environmental sources, and relevant testing programs in Canada

Campylobacter jejuni Strain Dynamics in a Raccoon (Procyon lotor) Population in Southern Ontario, Canada: High Prevalence and Rapid Subtype Turnover

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